434
Table 11.1 (continued)
Taxon
a
Parasitoid larval life-habit
b
Dominant larval hosts
c
Host stage of
larval parasitoid
attack
d
Geochronologic
range
e
References
f
Spathiopterygidae
†
Endoparasitoid
i
—
Insect eggs
i
Cenomanian
Engel and Ortega-Blanco
(2013), Engel et al.
(2015), Zhang et al.
(2018a)
Vanhorniidae
Endoparasitoid
Coleoptera: Eucnemidae
Larvae of wood
borers
Santonian–
Recent
Clausen (1940),
Whitfield (2003)
Cynipoidea
“Archaeocynipidae”
†
Endoparasitoid
i
—
Larvae
i
Hauterivian
Rasnitsyn and Kovalev
(1988), Grimaldi and
Engel (2005a)
Austrocynipidae
Endoparasitoid to
ectoparasitoid
Lepidoptera: Oecophoridae
Larvae of leaf
miners
Recent
Whitfield (2003)
Charapidae
Endoparasitoid,
hyperparasitoid
Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha;
Hymenoptera: Braconidae
Nymphs, larvae Recent
Clausen (1940), Askew
(1971), Godfray (1994)
Eucoilidae
Endoparasitoid
Diptera: Cyclorrhapha
Larvae
Turonian–
Recent
Clausen (1940), Askew
(1971), Peñalver et al.
(2013), Buffington et al.
(2014)
Figitidae
Endoparasitoid to
ectoparasitoid, hyperparasitoid
Diptera: Sarcophagidae, Tephritidae;
Neuroptera; Hymenoptera:
Cynipidae
Larvae in
rotting meat
Turonian–
Recent
Clausen (1940),
Whitfield (2003), Liu
et al. (2007), Buffington
et al. (2014)
Ibaliidae
Endoparasitoid to
ectoparasitoid
Hymenoptera: Siricidae
Eggs and larvae
of wood borers
Turonian–
Recent
Clausen (1940),
Whitfield (2003),
Grimaldi and Engel
(2005a), Liu and Engel
(2010)
C. C. Labandeira and L. Li