421
Taxon
a
Parasitoid larval life-habit
b
Dominant larval hosts
c
Host stage of
larval parasitoid
attack
d
Geochronologic
range
e
References
f
Cretostylopidae
†
Endoparasitoid
i
—
Nymphs or
larvae
i
Cenomanian
Grimaldi et al. (2005),
Kathirithamby and Engel
(2014)
Phthanoxenidae
†
Endoparasitoid
i
—
Nymphs or
larvae
i
Cenomanian
Engel and Huang (2016)
Protoxenidae
†
Endoparastoid
i
—
Nymphs or
larvae
i
Lutetian
Pohl et al. (2005)
Eleostrepsiptera
h
Mengeidae
†
Endoparasitoid
i
Zygentoma: Lepismatidae
i
Nymphs
i
Lutetian
Clausen (1940), Askew
(1971), Kulicka (1979),
Godfray (1994),
Grimaldi and Engel
(2005a), Pohl and Beutel
(2008), Kathirithamby
(2009), Engel et al.
(2016a)
Neostrepsiptera
h
Bahiaxenidae
Endoparasitoid
i
—
Nymphs or
larvae
i
Recent
Bravo et al. (2009)
Bohartillidae
Endoparasitoid
i
—
Nymphs or
larvae
i
Aquitanian–
Recent
Pohl and Kinzelbach
(2001), Kinzelbach and
Pohl (1994), Cook
(2014)
Corioxenidae
Endoparasitoid
Hemiptera: Heteroptera
Nymphs
Lutetian–Recent Henderickx et al. (2013),
Cook (2014)
(continued)
11 The History of Insect Parasitism and the Mid-Mesozoic Parasitoid Revolution