24
Mans BJ, de Klerk D, Pienaar R, de Castro MH, Latif AA (2012) The mitochondrial genomes
of Nuttalliella namaqua (Ixodoidea: Nuttalliellidae) and Argas africolumbae (Ixodoidae:
Argasidae): estimation of divergence dates for the major tick lineages and reconstruction of
ancestral blood-feeding characters. PLoS One 7(11):e49461
Médoc V, Rigaud T, Motreuil S, Perrot-Minnot MJ, Bollache L (2011) Paratenic hosts as regular
transmission route in the acanthocephalan Pomphorhynchus laevis: potential implications for
food webs. Naturwissenschaften 98(10):825
Miller DM, Dunagan TT (1985) Functional morphology. In: Crompton DWT, Nickol BB (eds)
Biology of the acanthocephala. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 73–123
Misof B, Liu S, Meusemann K, Peters RS, Donath A, Mayer C, Frandsen PB, Ware J, Flouri
T, Beutel RG, Niehuis O, Peterson M, Izquierdo-Carrasco F, Wappler T, Rust J, Aberer AJ,
Aspöck U, Aspöck H, Bartel D, Blanke A, Berger S, Böhm A, Buckley TR, Calcott B, Chen J,
Friedrich F, Fukui M, Fujita M, Greve C, Grobe P, Gu S, Huang Y, Jermiin L, Kawahara AY,
Krogmann L, Kubiak M, Lanfear R, Letsch H, Li Y, Li Z, Li J, Lu H, Machida R, Mashimo
Y, Kapli P, McKenna DD, Meng G, Nakagaki Y, Navarrete-Heredia JL, Ott M, Ou Y, Pass
G, Podsiadlowski L, Pohl H, von Reumont B, Schutte K, Sekiya K, Shimizu S, Slipinksi A,
Stamatakis A, Song W, Su X, Szucsich NU, Tan M, Tan X, Tang M, Uchifune T, Walzl MG,
Wiegmann BM, Wilbrandt J, Wipfler B, Wong TKF, Wu Q, Wu G, Xie Y, Yang S, Yang Q,
Yeates DK, Yoshizawa K, Zhang Q, Zhang R, Zhang W, Zhang Y, Zhao J, Zhou C, Zhou L,
Ziesmann T, Zou S, Li Y, Xu X, Zhang Y, Yang H, Wang J, Wang J, Kjer KM, Zhou X (2014)
Phylogenomics resolves the timing and pattern of insect evolution. Science 346(6210):763–767
Nagler C, Haug JT (2015) From fossil parasitoids to vectors: insects as parasites and hosts. Adv
Parasitol 90:137–200
Nagler C, Haug JT (2016) Functional morphology of parasitic isopods: understanding morphological adaptations of attachment and feeding structures in Nerocila as a pre-requisite for reconstructing the evolution of Cymothoidae. PeerJ 4:e2188. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2188
Nagler C, Haug C, Resch UKJ, Haug JT (2016) 150 million years old isopods on fishes: a possible
case of palaeo-parasitism. Bull Geosci 91(1):1–12. https://doi.org/10.3140/bull.geosci.1586
Nagler C, Hyžný M, Haug JT (2017) 168 million years old “marine lice” and the evolution of parasitism within isopods. BMC Evol Biol 17(1):76. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862- 017- 0915- 1
Nickol BB (1985) Epizootiology. In: Crompton DWT, Nickol BB (eds) Biology of the acanthocephala. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 307–346
Olson PD, Caira JN, Jensen K, Overstreet RM, Palm HW, Beveridge I (2010) Evolution of the
trypanorhynch tapeworms: parasite phylogeny supports independent lineages of sharks and
rays. Int J Parasitol 40(2):223–242
Ozanne CR, Harries PJ (2002) Role of predation and parasitism in the extinction of the inoceramid
bivalves: an evaluation. Lethaia 35(1):1–19
Padian K, Sues H-S (2015) The age of transformation: the Triassic period and the rise of today’s
land vertebrate fauna. In: Dial KP, Shubin N, Brainerd EL (eds) Great transformations: major
events in the history of vertebrate life. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL, pp 351–374
Parker GA, Ball MA, Chubb JC (2015) Evolution of complex life cycles in trophically transmitted
helminths. I. Host incorporation and trophic ascent. J Evol Biol 28(2):267–291
Peñalver E, Arillo A, Delclòs X, Peris D, Grimaldi DA, Anderson SR, Nascimbene PC, Pérez-de la
Fuente R (2017) Ticks parasitised feathered dinosaurs as revealed by Cretaceous amber assemblages. Nat Commun 8(1):1924. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467- 017- 01550- z
Poinar G (2019) Vertebrate pathogens vectored by ancient hematophagous arthropods. Hist Biol
32(7):888-901. https://doi.org/10.1080/08912963.2018.1545018
Poinar G, Boucot AJ (2006) Evidence of intestinal parasites of dinosaurs. Parasitology
133(2):245–249
Poinar GO, Buckley R (2008) Compluriscutula vetulum (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae), a new genus
and species of hard tick from Lower Cretaceous Burmese amber. Proc Entomol Soc Wash
110(2):445–450
Poinar GO Jr (1983) The natural history of nematodes. Prentice Hall Inc, Upper Saddle River, NJ
T. L. F. Leung
Mans BJ, de Klerk D, Pienaar R, de Castro MH, Latif AA (2012) The mitochondrial genomes
of Nuttalliella namaqua (Ixodoidea: Nuttalliellidae) and Argas africolumbae (Ixodoidae:
Argasidae): estimation of divergence dates for the major tick lineages and reconstruction of
ancestral blood-feeding characters. PLoS One 7(11):e49461
Médoc V, Rigaud T, Motreuil S, Perrot-Minnot MJ, Bollache L (2011) Paratenic hosts as regular
transmission route in the acanthocephalan Pomphorhynchus laevis: potential implications for
food webs. Naturwissenschaften 98(10):825
Miller DM, Dunagan TT (1985) Functional morphology. In: Crompton DWT, Nickol BB (eds)
Biology of the acanthocephala. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 73–123
Misof B, Liu S, Meusemann K, Peters RS, Donath A, Mayer C, Frandsen PB, Ware J, Flouri
T, Beutel RG, Niehuis O, Peterson M, Izquierdo-Carrasco F, Wappler T, Rust J, Aberer AJ,
Aspöck U, Aspöck H, Bartel D, Blanke A, Berger S, Böhm A, Buckley TR, Calcott B, Chen J,
Friedrich F, Fukui M, Fujita M, Greve C, Grobe P, Gu S, Huang Y, Jermiin L, Kawahara AY,
Krogmann L, Kubiak M, Lanfear R, Letsch H, Li Y, Li Z, Li J, Lu H, Machida R, Mashimo
Y, Kapli P, McKenna DD, Meng G, Nakagaki Y, Navarrete-Heredia JL, Ott M, Ou Y, Pass
G, Podsiadlowski L, Pohl H, von Reumont B, Schutte K, Sekiya K, Shimizu S, Slipinksi A,
Stamatakis A, Song W, Su X, Szucsich NU, Tan M, Tan X, Tang M, Uchifune T, Walzl MG,
Wiegmann BM, Wilbrandt J, Wipfler B, Wong TKF, Wu Q, Wu G, Xie Y, Yang S, Yang Q,
Yeates DK, Yoshizawa K, Zhang Q, Zhang R, Zhang W, Zhang Y, Zhao J, Zhou C, Zhou L,
Ziesmann T, Zou S, Li Y, Xu X, Zhang Y, Yang H, Wang J, Wang J, Kjer KM, Zhou X (2014)
Phylogenomics resolves the timing and pattern of insect evolution. Science 346(6210):763–767
Nagler C, Haug JT (2015) From fossil parasitoids to vectors: insects as parasites and hosts. Adv
Parasitol 90:137–200
Nagler C, Haug JT (2016) Functional morphology of parasitic isopods: understanding morphological adaptations of attachment and feeding structures in Nerocila as a pre-requisite for reconstructing the evolution of Cymothoidae. PeerJ 4:e2188. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2188
Nagler C, Haug C, Resch UKJ, Haug JT (2016) 150 million years old isopods on fishes: a possible
case of palaeo-parasitism. Bull Geosci 91(1):1–12. https://doi.org/10.3140/bull.geosci.1586
Nagler C, Hyžný M, Haug JT (2017) 168 million years old “marine lice” and the evolution of parasitism within isopods. BMC Evol Biol 17(1):76. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862- 017- 0915- 1
Nickol BB (1985) Epizootiology. In: Crompton DWT, Nickol BB (eds) Biology of the acanthocephala. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 307–346
Olson PD, Caira JN, Jensen K, Overstreet RM, Palm HW, Beveridge I (2010) Evolution of the
trypanorhynch tapeworms: parasite phylogeny supports independent lineages of sharks and
rays. Int J Parasitol 40(2):223–242
Ozanne CR, Harries PJ (2002) Role of predation and parasitism in the extinction of the inoceramid
bivalves: an evaluation. Lethaia 35(1):1–19
Padian K, Sues H-S (2015) The age of transformation: the Triassic period and the rise of today’s
land vertebrate fauna. In: Dial KP, Shubin N, Brainerd EL (eds) Great transformations: major
events in the history of vertebrate life. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL, pp 351–374
Parker GA, Ball MA, Chubb JC (2015) Evolution of complex life cycles in trophically transmitted
helminths. I. Host incorporation and trophic ascent. J Evol Biol 28(2):267–291
Peñalver E, Arillo A, Delclòs X, Peris D, Grimaldi DA, Anderson SR, Nascimbene PC, Pérez-de la
Fuente R (2017) Ticks parasitised feathered dinosaurs as revealed by Cretaceous amber assemblages. Nat Commun 8(1):1924. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467- 017- 01550- z
Poinar G (2019) Vertebrate pathogens vectored by ancient hematophagous arthropods. Hist Biol
32(7):888-901. https://doi.org/10.1080/08912963.2018.1545018
Poinar G, Boucot AJ (2006) Evidence of intestinal parasites of dinosaurs. Parasitology
133(2):245–249
Poinar GO, Buckley R (2008) Compluriscutula vetulum (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae), a new genus
and species of hard tick from Lower Cretaceous Burmese amber. Proc Entomol Soc Wash
110(2):445–450
Poinar GO Jr (1983) The natural history of nematodes. Prentice Hall Inc, Upper Saddle River, NJ
T. L. F. Leung