266
Maas A, Waloszek D, Haug JT, Muller KJ (2007) A possible larval roundworm from the
Cambrian ‘Orsten’ and its bearing on the phylogeny of Cycloneuralia. Memoirs Assoc Aust
Palaeontol 34:499
Maksoud S, Azar D, Granier B, Gèze R (2017) New data on the age of the Lower Cretaceous
amber outcrops of Lebanon. Palaeoworld 26(2):331–338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
palwor.2016.03.003
Manum SB, Bose MN, Sawyer RT (1991) Clitellate cocoons in freshwater deposits since the
Triassic. Zool Scr 20(4):347–366. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463- 6409.1991.tb00300.x
Manum SB, Bose MN, Sayer RT, Boström S (1994) A nematode (Captivonema cretacea gen. et
sp. n.) preserved in a clitellate cocoon wall from the Early Cretaceous. Zool Scr 23(1):27–31.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463- 6409.1994.tb00370.x
Mark DF, Rice CM, Trewin NH (2013) Discussion on ‘A high-precision U–Pb age constraint on
the Rhynie Chert Konservat-Lagerstätte: time scale and other implications’: Journal, Vol. 168,
863–872. J Geol Soc 170(4):701–703. https://doi.org/10.1144/jgs2011- 110
Marlétaz F, Peijnenburg KTCA, Goto T, Satoh N, Rokhsar DS (2019) A new spiralian phylogeny
places the enigmatic arrow worms among gnathiferans. Curr Biol 29(2):312–318.e313. https://
doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2018.11.042
Martin D, Britayev TA (1998) Symbiotic polychaetes: review of known species. Oceanogr Mar
Biol Annu Rev 36:217–340
Mattavelli A, Bracchi G (2008) Palaeoenoploides alessandrellianus n. gen. n. sp: a Late
Cenomanian 'roundworm' from the Upper Cretaceous of Lebanon (Nematoda: Enoplidae).
Atti Soc ital sci nat Mus civ stor nat Milano 149(2):179–194
May L (1989) Epizoic and parasitic rotifers. In: Rotifer symposium V. Springer, pp 59–67
McAllister C, Bursey C, Freed P (2010) Helminth parasites (Cestoidea, Nematoda, Pentastomida)
of selected herpetofauna from Cameroon, West Africa. Acta Parasitol 55(1):90–93
McLoughlin S, Bomfleur B, Mörs T, Reguero M (2016) Fossil clitellate annelid cocoons and their
microbiological inclusions from the Eocene of Seymour Island, Antarctica. Palaeontol Electron
19.1(11A):1–27
Metz R (1987) Sinusoidal trail formed by a recent biting midge (Family Ceratopogonidae): trace
fossil implications. J Paleontol 61(2):312–314
Mierzejewski P (1984) Synclinophora synclinalis Eisenack—the oldest Arabellid polychaete. Rev
Palaeobot Palynol 43(1–3):285–292
Montes M, Nozal F, Santillana S, Marenssi S, Olivero E (2013) Mapa Geológico de la isla
Marambio (Seymour) Escala 1: 20.000. Serie Cartográfica Geocientífica Antártica. Instituto
Antártico Argentino, Buenos Aires
Muir LA, Ng T-W, Li X-F, Zhang Y-D, Lin J-P (2014) Palaeoscolecidan worms and a possible
nematode from the Early Ordovician of South China. Palaeoworld 23(1):15–24. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.palwor.2013.06.003
Nagler C, Haug JT (2015) From fossil parasitoids to vectors: insects as parasites and hosts. Adv
Parasitol 90:137–200. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.apar.2015.09.003
Nielsen AT, Weidner T, Terfelt F, Høyberget M (2014) Upper Cambrian (Furongian) biostratigraphy in Scandinavia revisited: definition of superzones. GFF 136(1):193–197. https://doi.org/1
0.1080/11035897.2013.878748
Oakley TH, Wolfe JM, Lindgren AR, Zaharoff AK (2012) Phylotranscriptomics to bring the understudied into the fold: monophyletic Ostracoda, fossil placement and pancrustacean phylogeny.
Mol Biol Evol 30(1):215–233. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mss216
Ogg JG, Ogg G, Gradstein FM (2016) A concise geologic time scale: 2016. Elsevier, Amsterdam
Okamura B, Gruhl A, Bartholomew JL (2015) An introduction to myxozoan evolution, ecology
and development. In: Okamura B, Gruhl A, Bartholomew J (eds) Myxozoan evolution, ecology
and development. Springer, Cham, pp 1–20
Okamura B, Gruhl A (2021) Evolution, origins and diversification of parasitic cnidarians. In: De
Baets K, Huntley JW (eds) The evolution and fossil record of parasitism: Identification and
macroevolution of parasites. Topics in Geobiology 49
K. De Baets et al.
Maas A, Waloszek D, Haug JT, Muller KJ (2007) A possible larval roundworm from the
Cambrian ‘Orsten’ and its bearing on the phylogeny of Cycloneuralia. Memoirs Assoc Aust
Palaeontol 34:499
Maksoud S, Azar D, Granier B, Gèze R (2017) New data on the age of the Lower Cretaceous
amber outcrops of Lebanon. Palaeoworld 26(2):331–338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
palwor.2016.03.003
Manum SB, Bose MN, Sawyer RT (1991) Clitellate cocoons in freshwater deposits since the
Triassic. Zool Scr 20(4):347–366. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463- 6409.1991.tb00300.x
Manum SB, Bose MN, Sayer RT, Boström S (1994) A nematode (Captivonema cretacea gen. et
sp. n.) preserved in a clitellate cocoon wall from the Early Cretaceous. Zool Scr 23(1):27–31.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463- 6409.1994.tb00370.x
Mark DF, Rice CM, Trewin NH (2013) Discussion on ‘A high-precision U–Pb age constraint on
the Rhynie Chert Konservat-Lagerstätte: time scale and other implications’: Journal, Vol. 168,
863–872. J Geol Soc 170(4):701–703. https://doi.org/10.1144/jgs2011- 110
Marlétaz F, Peijnenburg KTCA, Goto T, Satoh N, Rokhsar DS (2019) A new spiralian phylogeny
places the enigmatic arrow worms among gnathiferans. Curr Biol 29(2):312–318.e313. https://
doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2018.11.042
Martin D, Britayev TA (1998) Symbiotic polychaetes: review of known species. Oceanogr Mar
Biol Annu Rev 36:217–340
Mattavelli A, Bracchi G (2008) Palaeoenoploides alessandrellianus n. gen. n. sp: a Late
Cenomanian 'roundworm' from the Upper Cretaceous of Lebanon (Nematoda: Enoplidae).
Atti Soc ital sci nat Mus civ stor nat Milano 149(2):179–194
May L (1989) Epizoic and parasitic rotifers. In: Rotifer symposium V. Springer, pp 59–67
McAllister C, Bursey C, Freed P (2010) Helminth parasites (Cestoidea, Nematoda, Pentastomida)
of selected herpetofauna from Cameroon, West Africa. Acta Parasitol 55(1):90–93
McLoughlin S, Bomfleur B, Mörs T, Reguero M (2016) Fossil clitellate annelid cocoons and their
microbiological inclusions from the Eocene of Seymour Island, Antarctica. Palaeontol Electron
19.1(11A):1–27
Metz R (1987) Sinusoidal trail formed by a recent biting midge (Family Ceratopogonidae): trace
fossil implications. J Paleontol 61(2):312–314
Mierzejewski P (1984) Synclinophora synclinalis Eisenack—the oldest Arabellid polychaete. Rev
Palaeobot Palynol 43(1–3):285–292
Montes M, Nozal F, Santillana S, Marenssi S, Olivero E (2013) Mapa Geológico de la isla
Marambio (Seymour) Escala 1: 20.000. Serie Cartográfica Geocientífica Antártica. Instituto
Antártico Argentino, Buenos Aires
Muir LA, Ng T-W, Li X-F, Zhang Y-D, Lin J-P (2014) Palaeoscolecidan worms and a possible
nematode from the Early Ordovician of South China. Palaeoworld 23(1):15–24. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.palwor.2013.06.003
Nagler C, Haug JT (2015) From fossil parasitoids to vectors: insects as parasites and hosts. Adv
Parasitol 90:137–200. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.apar.2015.09.003
Nielsen AT, Weidner T, Terfelt F, Høyberget M (2014) Upper Cambrian (Furongian) biostratigraphy in Scandinavia revisited: definition of superzones. GFF 136(1):193–197. https://doi.org/1
0.1080/11035897.2013.878748
Oakley TH, Wolfe JM, Lindgren AR, Zaharoff AK (2012) Phylotranscriptomics to bring the understudied into the fold: monophyletic Ostracoda, fossil placement and pancrustacean phylogeny.
Mol Biol Evol 30(1):215–233. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mss216
Ogg JG, Ogg G, Gradstein FM (2016) A concise geologic time scale: 2016. Elsevier, Amsterdam
Okamura B, Gruhl A, Bartholomew JL (2015) An introduction to myxozoan evolution, ecology
and development. In: Okamura B, Gruhl A, Bartholomew J (eds) Myxozoan evolution, ecology
and development. Springer, Cham, pp 1–20
Okamura B, Gruhl A (2021) Evolution, origins and diversification of parasitic cnidarians. In: De
Baets K, Huntley JW (eds) The evolution and fossil record of parasitism: Identification and
macroevolution of parasites. Topics in Geobiology 49
K. De Baets et al.