102
Krings M, Taylor TN, Dotzler N (2014) Microorganisms associated with the seed fern Lyginopteris
oldhamia (Binney) H. Potonié (Lyginopteridales) from the Carboniferous of Great Britain.
Palaeontographica B290:109–125
Krings M, Taylor TN, Kerp H, Walker C (2015) Deciphering interfungal relationships in the
410-million-yr-old Rhynie chert: Sporocarp formation in glomeromycotan spores. Geobios
48:449–458
Krings M, Taylor TN, Dotzler N, Harper CJ (2016) Morphology and ontogenetic development of
Zwergimyces vestitus, a fungal reproductive unit enveloped in a hyphal mantle from the Lower
Devonian Rhynie chert. Rev Palaeobot Palynol 228:47–56
Krings M, Harper CJ, Taylor EL (2017a) Fungi and fungal interactions in the Rhynie chert: a
review of the evidence, with the description of Perexiflasca tayloriana gen. et sp. nov. Phil
Trans Roy Soc B 373:20160500
Krings M, Harper CJ, White JF, Barthel M, Heinrichs J, Taylor EL, Taylor TN (2017b) Fungi in a
Psaronius root mantle from the Rotliegend (Asselian, Lower Permian/Cisuralian) of Thuringia,
Germany. Rev Palaeobot Palynol 239:14–30
Krings M, Taylor TN, Harper CJ (2017c) Early Fungi. In: Dighton J, White JF (eds) The fungal
community: its organization and role in the ecosystem. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL
Kürschner H, Schumilovskikh L, Djamali M, de Beaulieu J-L (2015) A late Holocene subfossil record of Sphagnum squarrosum Crome (Sphagnopsida, Bryophyta) from NW Iran. Nova
Hedw 100:373–381
Langenheim JH (1994) Higher plant terpenoids: a phytocentric overview of their ecological roles.
J Chem Ecol 20:1223–1280
Laschet C (1984) On the origin of cherts. Facies 10:257–289
Le Campion-Alsumard T, Golubic S, Hutchings P (1995) Microbial endoliths in skeletons of live
and dead corals, Porites lobata (Moorea, French Polynesia). Mar Ecol Prog Ser 117:149–157
Leake JR (2005) Plants parasitic on fungi: Unearthing the fungi in myco-heterotrophs and debunking the ‘saprophytic’ plant myth. Mycologist 19:113–122
LePage BA, Currah RS, Stockey RA (1994) The fossil fungi of the Princeton chert. Int J Plant Sci
155:828–836
Letcher PM, Lopez S, Schmieder R, Lee PA, Behnke C, Powell MJ, McBride RC (2013)
Characterization of Amoeboaphelidium protococcarum, an algal parasite new to the
Cryptomycota isolated from an outdoor algal pond used for the production of biofuel. PLoS
One 8(2):e56232
Letcher PM, Powell MJ, Lee PA, Lopez S, Burnett M (2017) Molecular phylogeny and ultrastructure of Aphelidium desmodesmi, a new species in Aphelida (Opisthosporidia). J Eukaryot
Microbiol 64:655–667
Lewis DH (1973) Concepts in fungal nutrition and the origin of biotrophy. Biol Rev 48:261–278
Limaye RB, Kumaran KPN, Nair KM, Padmalal D (2007) Non-pollen palynomorphs as potential
palaeoenvironmental indicators in the Late Quaternary sediments of the west coast of India.
Curr Sci 92:1370–1382
Lindahl BO, Taylor AFS, Finlay RD (2002) Defining nutritional constraints on carbon cycling in
boreal forests—towards a less ‘phytocentric’ perspective. Plant Soil 242:123–135
Lom J, Dyková I (2005) Microsporidian xenomas in fish seen in wider perspective. Folia Parasitol
52:69–81
Loron CC, François C, Rainbird RH, Turner EC, Borensztaijn S, Javaux EJ (2019) Early fungi
from the Proterozoic Era in Arctic Canada. Nature 570:232–235
Lücking R, Huhndorf S, Pfister DH, Plata ER, Lumbsch HT (2009) Fungi evolved right on track.
Mycologia 101:810–822
Ma F-J, Sun B-N, Wang Q-J, Dong J-L, Yang G-L, Yang Y (2015) A new species of Meliolinites
associated with Buxus leaves from the Oligocene of Guangxi, southern China. Mycologia
107:505–511
Magnus P (1903) Ein von F.W. Oliver nachgewiesener fossiler parasitischer Pilz. Ber Deutsch Bot
Ges 21:248–250
C. J. Harper and M. Krings
Krings M, Taylor TN, Dotzler N (2014) Microorganisms associated with the seed fern Lyginopteris
oldhamia (Binney) H. Potonié (Lyginopteridales) from the Carboniferous of Great Britain.
Palaeontographica B290:109–125
Krings M, Taylor TN, Kerp H, Walker C (2015) Deciphering interfungal relationships in the
410-million-yr-old Rhynie chert: Sporocarp formation in glomeromycotan spores. Geobios
48:449–458
Krings M, Taylor TN, Dotzler N, Harper CJ (2016) Morphology and ontogenetic development of
Zwergimyces vestitus, a fungal reproductive unit enveloped in a hyphal mantle from the Lower
Devonian Rhynie chert. Rev Palaeobot Palynol 228:47–56
Krings M, Harper CJ, Taylor EL (2017a) Fungi and fungal interactions in the Rhynie chert: a
review of the evidence, with the description of Perexiflasca tayloriana gen. et sp. nov. Phil
Trans Roy Soc B 373:20160500
Krings M, Harper CJ, White JF, Barthel M, Heinrichs J, Taylor EL, Taylor TN (2017b) Fungi in a
Psaronius root mantle from the Rotliegend (Asselian, Lower Permian/Cisuralian) of Thuringia,
Germany. Rev Palaeobot Palynol 239:14–30
Krings M, Taylor TN, Harper CJ (2017c) Early Fungi. In: Dighton J, White JF (eds) The fungal
community: its organization and role in the ecosystem. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL
Kürschner H, Schumilovskikh L, Djamali M, de Beaulieu J-L (2015) A late Holocene subfossil record of Sphagnum squarrosum Crome (Sphagnopsida, Bryophyta) from NW Iran. Nova
Hedw 100:373–381
Langenheim JH (1994) Higher plant terpenoids: a phytocentric overview of their ecological roles.
J Chem Ecol 20:1223–1280
Laschet C (1984) On the origin of cherts. Facies 10:257–289
Le Campion-Alsumard T, Golubic S, Hutchings P (1995) Microbial endoliths in skeletons of live
and dead corals, Porites lobata (Moorea, French Polynesia). Mar Ecol Prog Ser 117:149–157
Leake JR (2005) Plants parasitic on fungi: Unearthing the fungi in myco-heterotrophs and debunking the ‘saprophytic’ plant myth. Mycologist 19:113–122
LePage BA, Currah RS, Stockey RA (1994) The fossil fungi of the Princeton chert. Int J Plant Sci
155:828–836
Letcher PM, Lopez S, Schmieder R, Lee PA, Behnke C, Powell MJ, McBride RC (2013)
Characterization of Amoeboaphelidium protococcarum, an algal parasite new to the
Cryptomycota isolated from an outdoor algal pond used for the production of biofuel. PLoS
One 8(2):e56232
Letcher PM, Powell MJ, Lee PA, Lopez S, Burnett M (2017) Molecular phylogeny and ultrastructure of Aphelidium desmodesmi, a new species in Aphelida (Opisthosporidia). J Eukaryot
Microbiol 64:655–667
Lewis DH (1973) Concepts in fungal nutrition and the origin of biotrophy. Biol Rev 48:261–278
Limaye RB, Kumaran KPN, Nair KM, Padmalal D (2007) Non-pollen palynomorphs as potential
palaeoenvironmental indicators in the Late Quaternary sediments of the west coast of India.
Curr Sci 92:1370–1382
Lindahl BO, Taylor AFS, Finlay RD (2002) Defining nutritional constraints on carbon cycling in
boreal forests—towards a less ‘phytocentric’ perspective. Plant Soil 242:123–135
Lom J, Dyková I (2005) Microsporidian xenomas in fish seen in wider perspective. Folia Parasitol
52:69–81
Loron CC, François C, Rainbird RH, Turner EC, Borensztaijn S, Javaux EJ (2019) Early fungi
from the Proterozoic Era in Arctic Canada. Nature 570:232–235
Lücking R, Huhndorf S, Pfister DH, Plata ER, Lumbsch HT (2009) Fungi evolved right on track.
Mycologia 101:810–822
Ma F-J, Sun B-N, Wang Q-J, Dong J-L, Yang G-L, Yang Y (2015) A new species of Meliolinites
associated with Buxus leaves from the Oligocene of Guangxi, southern China. Mycologia
107:505–511
Magnus P (1903) Ein von F.W. Oliver nachgewiesener fossiler parasitischer Pilz. Ber Deutsch Bot
Ges 21:248–250
C. J. Harper and M. Krings