103
Marcogliese DJ (2004) Parasites: small players with crucial roles in the ecological theater.
EcoHealth 1:151–164
Martin JT (1964) Role of cuticle in the defense against plant disease. Annu Rev Phytopathol
2:81–100
Martin W, Rotte C, Hoffmeister M, Theissen U, Gelius-Dietrich G, Ahr S, Henze K (2003) Early
cell evolution, eukaryotes, anoxia, sulfide, oxygen, fungi first (?), and a tree of genomes revisited. IUBMB Life 55:193–204
Martín-Rodrigues N, Espinel S, Sanchez-Zabala J, Ortíz A, González-Murua C, Duñabeitia MK
(2013) Spatial and temporal dynamics of the colonization of Pinus radiata by Fusarium circinatum, of conidiophore development in the pith and of traumatic resin duct formation. New
Phytol 198:1215–1227
Marynowski L, Smolarek J, Bechtel A, Philippe M, Kurkiewicz S, Simoneit BRT (2013) Perylene
as an indicator of conifer fossil wood degradation by wood-degrading fungi. Org Geochem
59:143–151
Matos E, Corral L, Azevedo C (2003) Ultrastructural details of the xenoma of Loma myrophis
(phylum Microsporidia) and extrusion of the polar tube during autoinfection. Dis Aquat Org
54:203–207
Mendgen K, Deising H (1993) Infection structures of fungal plant pathogens—a cytological and
physiological evulation. New Phytol 124:193–213
Mendgen K, Hahn M, Deising H (1996) Morphogenesis and mechanisms of penetration of plant
pathogenic fungi. Annu Rev Phytopathol 34:367–386
Merckx VSFT (ed) (2013) Mycoheterotrophy. The biology of plants living on fungi. Springer
Science+Business Media, New York
Meyers JD (1990) Fungal infections in bone marrow transplant patients. Seminars Oncol 17:10–13
Möller M, Stukenbrock EH (2017) Evolution and genome architecture in fungal plant pathogens.
Nature Rev Microbiol 15:756–771
Money NP (2016) Fungi: a very short introduction. Oxford University Press, Oxford, MA
Morris JL, Puttick MN, Clark JW, Edwards D, Kenrick P, Pressel S, Wellman CH, Yang Z,
Schneider H, Donoghue CJ (2018) The timescale of early land plant evolution. Proc Natl Acad
Sci USA 115:E2274–E2283
Nash TH (Ed) (2008) Lichen biology. 2nd edition. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK
Nicholson RL, Epstein L (1991) Adhesion of fungi to the plant surface: prerequisite for pathogenesis. In: Cole GT, Hoch HC (eds) The fungal spore and disease initiation in plants and animals.
Plenum Press, New York, NY
Orpin CG, Joblin KN (1997) The rumen anaerobic fungi. In: Hobson PN, Stewart CS (eds) The
rumen microbial ecosystem. Springer, Dordrecht
Parratt SR, Laine AL (2016) The role of hyperparasitism in microbial pathogen ecology and evolution. ISME J 10:1815–1822
Pearce RB (1996) Antimicrobial defences in the wood of living trees. New Phytol 132:203–233
Pearce RB, Holloway PJ (1984) Suberin in the sapwood of oak (Quercus robur L.): its composition
from a compartmentalization barrier and its occurrence in tyloses in undecayed wood. Physiol
Plant Pathol 24:71–81
Petit G (2010) Skin nodules in fossil fishes from Monte Bolca (Eocene, Northern Italy).
Geodiversitas 32:157–163
Petit G, Khalloufi B (2012) Paleopathology of a fossil fish from the Solnhofen Lagerstätte (Upper
Jurassic, southern Germany). Int J Paleopathol 2:42–44
Phipps CJ (2007) Entopeltacites remberi sp. nov. from the Miocene of Clarkia, Idaho. Rev
Palaeobot Palynol 145:193–200
Phipps CJ, Rember WC (2004) Epiphyllous fungi from the Miocene of Clarkia, Idaho: reproductive structures. Rev Palaeobot Palynol 129:67–79
Phipps CJ, Axsmith BJ, Taylor TN, Taylor EL (2000) Gleichenipteris antarcticus gen. et sp. nov.
from the Triassic of Antarctica. Rev Palaeobot Palynol 108:75–83
Pirozynski KA (1976) Fossil fungi. Annu Rev Phytopathol 14:237–246
3 Fungi as Parasites: A Conspectus of the Fossil Record
Marcogliese DJ (2004) Parasites: small players with crucial roles in the ecological theater.
EcoHealth 1:151–164
Martin JT (1964) Role of cuticle in the defense against plant disease. Annu Rev Phytopathol
2:81–100
Martin W, Rotte C, Hoffmeister M, Theissen U, Gelius-Dietrich G, Ahr S, Henze K (2003) Early
cell evolution, eukaryotes, anoxia, sulfide, oxygen, fungi first (?), and a tree of genomes revisited. IUBMB Life 55:193–204
Martín-Rodrigues N, Espinel S, Sanchez-Zabala J, Ortíz A, González-Murua C, Duñabeitia MK
(2013) Spatial and temporal dynamics of the colonization of Pinus radiata by Fusarium circinatum, of conidiophore development in the pith and of traumatic resin duct formation. New
Phytol 198:1215–1227
Marynowski L, Smolarek J, Bechtel A, Philippe M, Kurkiewicz S, Simoneit BRT (2013) Perylene
as an indicator of conifer fossil wood degradation by wood-degrading fungi. Org Geochem
59:143–151
Matos E, Corral L, Azevedo C (2003) Ultrastructural details of the xenoma of Loma myrophis
(phylum Microsporidia) and extrusion of the polar tube during autoinfection. Dis Aquat Org
54:203–207
Mendgen K, Deising H (1993) Infection structures of fungal plant pathogens—a cytological and
physiological evulation. New Phytol 124:193–213
Mendgen K, Hahn M, Deising H (1996) Morphogenesis and mechanisms of penetration of plant
pathogenic fungi. Annu Rev Phytopathol 34:367–386
Merckx VSFT (ed) (2013) Mycoheterotrophy. The biology of plants living on fungi. Springer
Science+Business Media, New York
Meyers JD (1990) Fungal infections in bone marrow transplant patients. Seminars Oncol 17:10–13
Möller M, Stukenbrock EH (2017) Evolution and genome architecture in fungal plant pathogens.
Nature Rev Microbiol 15:756–771
Money NP (2016) Fungi: a very short introduction. Oxford University Press, Oxford, MA
Morris JL, Puttick MN, Clark JW, Edwards D, Kenrick P, Pressel S, Wellman CH, Yang Z,
Schneider H, Donoghue CJ (2018) The timescale of early land plant evolution. Proc Natl Acad
Sci USA 115:E2274–E2283
Nash TH (Ed) (2008) Lichen biology. 2nd edition. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK
Nicholson RL, Epstein L (1991) Adhesion of fungi to the plant surface: prerequisite for pathogenesis. In: Cole GT, Hoch HC (eds) The fungal spore and disease initiation in plants and animals.
Plenum Press, New York, NY
Orpin CG, Joblin KN (1997) The rumen anaerobic fungi. In: Hobson PN, Stewart CS (eds) The
rumen microbial ecosystem. Springer, Dordrecht
Parratt SR, Laine AL (2016) The role of hyperparasitism in microbial pathogen ecology and evolution. ISME J 10:1815–1822
Pearce RB (1996) Antimicrobial defences in the wood of living trees. New Phytol 132:203–233
Pearce RB, Holloway PJ (1984) Suberin in the sapwood of oak (Quercus robur L.): its composition
from a compartmentalization barrier and its occurrence in tyloses in undecayed wood. Physiol
Plant Pathol 24:71–81
Petit G (2010) Skin nodules in fossil fishes from Monte Bolca (Eocene, Northern Italy).
Geodiversitas 32:157–163
Petit G, Khalloufi B (2012) Paleopathology of a fossil fish from the Solnhofen Lagerstätte (Upper
Jurassic, southern Germany). Int J Paleopathol 2:42–44
Phipps CJ (2007) Entopeltacites remberi sp. nov. from the Miocene of Clarkia, Idaho. Rev
Palaeobot Palynol 145:193–200
Phipps CJ, Rember WC (2004) Epiphyllous fungi from the Miocene of Clarkia, Idaho: reproductive structures. Rev Palaeobot Palynol 129:67–79
Phipps CJ, Axsmith BJ, Taylor TN, Taylor EL (2000) Gleichenipteris antarcticus gen. et sp. nov.
from the Triassic of Antarctica. Rev Palaeobot Palynol 108:75–83
Pirozynski KA (1976) Fossil fungi. Annu Rev Phytopathol 14:237–246
3 Fungi as Parasites: A Conspectus of the Fossil Record