440
22 Layered Structures
38. Y. Hao, Y. Wang, L. Wang, Z. Ni, Z. Wang, R. Wang, C.K. Koo, Z. Shen, J.T.L. Thong, Probing
layer number and stacking order of few-layer graphene by Raman spectroscopy. Small 6(2),
195–200 (2010)
39. H. Wang, Y. Wang, X. Cao, M. Feng, G. Lan, Vibrational properties of graphene and graphene
layers. J. Raman Spectrosc. 40(12), 1791–1796 (2009)
40. D. Graf, F. Molitor, K. Ensslin, C. Stampfer, A. Jungen, C. Hierold, L. Wirtz, Spatially resolved
Raman spectroscopy of single- and few-layer graphene. Nano Lett. 7(2), 238–242 (2007)
41. A. Gupta, G. Chen, P. Joshi, S. Tadigadapa, P.C. Eklund, Raman scattering from highfrequency phonons in supported n-graphene layer films. Nano Lett. 6(12), 2667–2673
(2006)
42. X.X. Yang, Z.F. Zhou, Y. Wang, J.W. Li, N.G. Guo, W.T. Zheng, J.Z. Peng, C.Q. Sun, Raman
spectroscopic determination of the length, energy, Debye temperature, and compressibility of
the C–C bond in carbon allotropes. Chem. Phys. Lett. 575, 86–90 (2013)
43. T.M.G. Mohiuddin, A. Lombardo, R.R. Nair, A. Bonetti, G. Savini, R. Jalil, N. Bonini, D.M.
Basko, C. Galiotis, N. Marzari, K.S. Novoselov, A.K. Geim, A.C. Ferrari, Uniaxial strain
in graphene by Raman spectroscopy: G peak splitting, Gruneisen parameters, and sample
orientation. Phys. Rev. B 79(20), 205433 (2009)
44. T. Yu, Z. Ni, C. Du, Y. You, Y. Wang, Z. Shen, Raman mapping investigation of graphene
on transparent flexible substrate: the strain effect. J. Phys. Chem. C 112(33), 12602–12605
(2008)
45. M. Huang, H. Yan, T.F. Heinz, J. Hone, Probing strain-induced electronic structure change in
graphene by Raman spectroscopy. Nano Lett. 10(10), 4074–4079 (2010)
46. J.E. Proctor, E. Gregoryanz, K.S. Novoselov, M. Lotya, J.N. Coleman, M.P. Halsall, Highpressure Raman spectroscopy of graphene. Phys. Rev. B 80(7), 073408 (2009)
47. I. Calizo, S. Ghosh, W. Bao, F. Miao, C. Ning Lau, A.A. Balandin, Raman nanometrology of
graphene: temperature and substrate effects. Solid State Commun. 149(27–28), 1132-1135
(2009)
48. J.L. Dattatray, U. Maitra, L.S. Panchakarla, U.V. Waghmare, C.N.R. Rao, Temperature effects
on the Raman spectra of graphenes: dependence on the number of layers and doping. J. Phys.:
Condens. Matter 23(5), 055303 (2011)
49. E.H. Martins Ferreira, M.V.O. Moutinho, F. Stavale, M.M. Lucchese, R.B. Capaz, C.A.
Achete, A. Jorio, Evolution of the Raman spectra from single-, few-, and many-layer graphene
with increasing disorder. Phys. Rev. B, 82(12), 125429–125438 (2010)
50. S. Berciaud, S. Ryu, L.E. Brus, T.F. Heinz, Probing the Intrinsic properties of exfoliated
graphene: Raman spectroscopy of free-standing monolayers. Nano Lett. 9(1), 346–352 (2008)
51. I. Calizo, W. Bao, F. Miao, C.N. Lau, A.A. Balandin, The effect of substrates on the Raman
spectrum of graphene. Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 201904 (2007)
52. Z. Luo, T. Yu, K.J. Kim, Z. Ni, Y. You, S. Lim, Z. Shen, S. Wang, J. Lin, Thickness-dependent
reversible hydrogenation of graphene layers. ACS Nano 3(7), 1781–1788 (2009)
53. L.M. Xie, L.Y. Jiao, H.J. Dai, Selective etching of graphene edges by hydrogen plasma. J.
Am. Chem. Soc. 132(42), 14751–14753 (2010)
54. H.J. Shin, W.M. Choi, D. Choi, G.H. Han, S.M. Yoon, H.K. Park, S.W. Kim, Y.W. Jin, S.Y.
Lee, J.M. Kim, J.Y. Choi, Y.H. Lee, Control of electronic structure of graphene by various
dopants and their effects on a nanogenerator. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 132(44), 15603–15609 (2010)
55. L.G. Cancado, M.A. Pimenta, B.R.A. Neves, M.S.S. Dantas, A. Jorio, Influence of the atomic
structure on the Raman spectra of graphite edges. Phys. Rev. Lett. 93(24), 247401 (2004)
56. B. Krauss, P. Nemes Incze, V. Skakalova, L.P. Biro, K.V. Klitzing, J.H. Smet, Raman scattering
at pure graphene zigzag edges. Nano Lett. 10(11), 4544–4548 (2010)
57. Y. You, Z. Ni, T. Yu, Z. Shen, Edge chirality determination of graphene by Raman
spectroscopy. Appl. Phys. Lett. 93(16), 163112–163115 (2008)
58. M.A. Pimenta, G. Dresselhaus, M.S. Dresselhaus, L.G. Cancado, A. Jorio, R. Saito, Studying
disorder in graphite-based systems by Raman spectroscopy. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 9(11),
1276–1290 (2007)
22 Layered Structures
38. Y. Hao, Y. Wang, L. Wang, Z. Ni, Z. Wang, R. Wang, C.K. Koo, Z. Shen, J.T.L. Thong, Probing
layer number and stacking order of few-layer graphene by Raman spectroscopy. Small 6(2),
195–200 (2010)
39. H. Wang, Y. Wang, X. Cao, M. Feng, G. Lan, Vibrational properties of graphene and graphene
layers. J. Raman Spectrosc. 40(12), 1791–1796 (2009)
40. D. Graf, F. Molitor, K. Ensslin, C. Stampfer, A. Jungen, C. Hierold, L. Wirtz, Spatially resolved
Raman spectroscopy of single- and few-layer graphene. Nano Lett. 7(2), 238–242 (2007)
41. A. Gupta, G. Chen, P. Joshi, S. Tadigadapa, P.C. Eklund, Raman scattering from highfrequency phonons in supported n-graphene layer films. Nano Lett. 6(12), 2667–2673
(2006)
42. X.X. Yang, Z.F. Zhou, Y. Wang, J.W. Li, N.G. Guo, W.T. Zheng, J.Z. Peng, C.Q. Sun, Raman
spectroscopic determination of the length, energy, Debye temperature, and compressibility of
the C–C bond in carbon allotropes. Chem. Phys. Lett. 575, 86–90 (2013)
43. T.M.G. Mohiuddin, A. Lombardo, R.R. Nair, A. Bonetti, G. Savini, R. Jalil, N. Bonini, D.M.
Basko, C. Galiotis, N. Marzari, K.S. Novoselov, A.K. Geim, A.C. Ferrari, Uniaxial strain
in graphene by Raman spectroscopy: G peak splitting, Gruneisen parameters, and sample
orientation. Phys. Rev. B 79(20), 205433 (2009)
44. T. Yu, Z. Ni, C. Du, Y. You, Y. Wang, Z. Shen, Raman mapping investigation of graphene
on transparent flexible substrate: the strain effect. J. Phys. Chem. C 112(33), 12602–12605
(2008)
45. M. Huang, H. Yan, T.F. Heinz, J. Hone, Probing strain-induced electronic structure change in
graphene by Raman spectroscopy. Nano Lett. 10(10), 4074–4079 (2010)
46. J.E. Proctor, E. Gregoryanz, K.S. Novoselov, M. Lotya, J.N. Coleman, M.P. Halsall, Highpressure Raman spectroscopy of graphene. Phys. Rev. B 80(7), 073408 (2009)
47. I. Calizo, S. Ghosh, W. Bao, F. Miao, C. Ning Lau, A.A. Balandin, Raman nanometrology of
graphene: temperature and substrate effects. Solid State Commun. 149(27–28), 1132-1135
(2009)
48. J.L. Dattatray, U. Maitra, L.S. Panchakarla, U.V. Waghmare, C.N.R. Rao, Temperature effects
on the Raman spectra of graphenes: dependence on the number of layers and doping. J. Phys.:
Condens. Matter 23(5), 055303 (2011)
49. E.H. Martins Ferreira, M.V.O. Moutinho, F. Stavale, M.M. Lucchese, R.B. Capaz, C.A.
Achete, A. Jorio, Evolution of the Raman spectra from single-, few-, and many-layer graphene
with increasing disorder. Phys. Rev. B, 82(12), 125429–125438 (2010)
50. S. Berciaud, S. Ryu, L.E. Brus, T.F. Heinz, Probing the Intrinsic properties of exfoliated
graphene: Raman spectroscopy of free-standing monolayers. Nano Lett. 9(1), 346–352 (2008)
51. I. Calizo, W. Bao, F. Miao, C.N. Lau, A.A. Balandin, The effect of substrates on the Raman
spectrum of graphene. Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 201904 (2007)
52. Z. Luo, T. Yu, K.J. Kim, Z. Ni, Y. You, S. Lim, Z. Shen, S. Wang, J. Lin, Thickness-dependent
reversible hydrogenation of graphene layers. ACS Nano 3(7), 1781–1788 (2009)
53. L.M. Xie, L.Y. Jiao, H.J. Dai, Selective etching of graphene edges by hydrogen plasma. J.
Am. Chem. Soc. 132(42), 14751–14753 (2010)
54. H.J. Shin, W.M. Choi, D. Choi, G.H. Han, S.M. Yoon, H.K. Park, S.W. Kim, Y.W. Jin, S.Y.
Lee, J.M. Kim, J.Y. Choi, Y.H. Lee, Control of electronic structure of graphene by various
dopants and their effects on a nanogenerator. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 132(44), 15603–15609 (2010)
55. L.G. Cancado, M.A. Pimenta, B.R.A. Neves, M.S.S. Dantas, A. Jorio, Influence of the atomic
structure on the Raman spectra of graphite edges. Phys. Rev. Lett. 93(24), 247401 (2004)
56. B. Krauss, P. Nemes Incze, V. Skakalova, L.P. Biro, K.V. Klitzing, J.H. Smet, Raman scattering
at pure graphene zigzag edges. Nano Lett. 10(11), 4544–4548 (2010)
57. Y. You, Z. Ni, T. Yu, Z. Shen, Edge chirality determination of graphene by Raman
spectroscopy. Appl. Phys. Lett. 93(16), 163112–163115 (2008)
58. M.A. Pimenta, G. Dresselhaus, M.S. Dresselhaus, L.G. Cancado, A. Jorio, R. Saito, Studying
disorder in graphite-based systems by Raman spectroscopy. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 9(11),
1276–1290 (2007)