References
21
98. P. Liu, Y. Zhao, R. Qin, S. Mo, G. Chen, L. Gu, D.M. Chevrier, P. Zhang, Q. Guo, D.
Zang, Photochemical route for synthesizing atomically dispersed palladium catalysts. Science
352(6287), 797–800 (2016)
99. G. Chen, C. Xu, X. Huang, J. Ye, L. Gu, G. Li, Z. Tang, B. Wu, H. Yang, Z. Zhao, Interfacial
electronic effects control the reaction selectivity of platinum catalysts. Nat. Mater. 15(5), 564
(2016)
100. H. Fei, J. Dong, M.J. Arellano-Jiménez, G. Ye, N.D. Kim, E.L. Samuel, Z. Peng, Z. Zhu,
F. Qin, J. Bao, Atomic cobalt on nitrogen-doped graphene for hydrogen generation. Nat.
Commun. 6, 8668 (2015)
101. R. Bliem, J.E. van der Hoeven, J. Hulva, J. Pavelec, O. Gamba, P.E. de Jongh, M. Schmid, P.
Blaha, U. Diebold, G.S. Parkinson, Dual role of CO in the stability of subnano Pt clusters at
the Fe 3 O 4 (001) surface. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 113(32), 8921–8926 (2016)
102. H. Wang, X.-K. Gu, X. Zheng, H. Pan, J. Zhu, S. Chen, L. Cao, W.-X. Li, J. Lu, Disentangling the size-dependent geometric and electronic effects of palladium nanocatalysts beyond
selectivity. Sci. Adv. 5(1), eaat6413 (2019)
103. X. Liu, L. Dai, Carbon-based metal-free catalysts. Nat. Rev. Mater. 1, 16064 (2016)
104. S.S. Yu, W.T. Zheng, Effect of N/B doping on the electronic and field emission properties for
carbon nanotubes, carbon nanocones, and graphene nanoribbons. Nanoscale 2(7), 1069–1082
(2010)
105. S. Yu, W. Zheng, C. Wang, Q. Jiang, Nitrogen/boron doping position dependence of the
electronic properties of a triangular graphene. ACS Nano 4(12), 7619–7629 (2010)
106. R.R. Parker, ITER in-vessel system design and performance. Nucl. Fusion 473–484 (2000)
107. R. Doerner, M. Baldwin, J. Hanna, C. Linsmeier, D. Nishijima, R. Pugno, J. Roth, K. Schmid,
A. Wiltner, Interaction of beryllium containing plasma with ITER materials. Phys. Scr.
2007(T128), 115 (2007)
108. J. Garai, A. Laugier, The temperature dependence of the isothermal bulk modulus at 1 bar
pressure. J. Appl. Phys. 101(2), 2424535 (2007)
109. M.P. Halsall, P. Harmer, P.J. Parbrook, S.J. Henley, Raman scattering and absorption study of
the high-pressure wurtzite to rocksalt phase transition of GaN. Phys. Rev. B 69(23), 235207
(2004)
110. Y. Wang, Y. Huang, Y. Song, X.Y. Zhang, Y.F. Ma, J.J. Liang, Y.S. Chen, Room-temperature
ferromagnetism of graphene. Nano Lett. 9(1), 220–224 (2009)
111. G.F. Reiter, A. Deb, Y. Sakurai, M. Itou, V.G. Krishnan, S.J. Paddison, Anomalous ground
state of the electrons in nanoconfined water. Phys. Rev. Lett. 111(3), 036803 (2013)
112. T. Enoki, Y. Kobayashi, K.I. Fukui, Electronic structures of graphene edges and nanographene.
Int. Rev. Phys. Chem. 26(4), 609–645 (2007)
113. T. Fujita, Y. Okawa, Y. Matsumoto, K.-I. Tanaka, Phase boundaries of nanometer scale c (2×
2)-O domains on the Cu (100) surface. Phys. Rev. B 54(3), 2167 (1996)
114. F. Jensen, F. Besenbacher, E. Laegsgaard, I. Stensgaard, Dynamics of oxygen-induced
reconstruction on Cu(100) studied by scanning tunneling microscopy. Phys. Rev. B 42(14),
9206–9209 (1990)
115. F.M. Chua, Y. Kuk, P.J. Silverman, Oxygen chemisorption on Cu(110): An atomic view by
scanning tunneling microscopy. Phys. Rev. Lett. 63(4), 386–389 (1989)
116. A. Sperl, J. Kroger, R. Berndt, A. Franke, E. Pehlke, Evolution of unoccupied resonance
during the synthesis of a silver dimer on Ag(111). New J. Phys. 11(6), 063020 (2009)
117. S. Folsch, P. Hyldgaard, R. Koch, K.H. Ploog, Quantum confinement in monatomic Cu chains
on Cu(111). Phys. Rev. Lett. 92(5), 056803 (2004)
118. T.T. Fister, D.D. Fong, J.A. Eastman, H. Iddir, P. Zapol, P.H. Fuoss, M. Balasubramanian, R.A.
Gordon, K.R. Balasubramaniam, P.A. Salvador, Total-reflection inelastic X-ray scattering
from a 10-nm thick La 0.6 Sr 0.4 CoO 3 thin film. Phys. Rev. Lett. 106(3), 037401 (2011)
119. S. Hebboul. X-raying the Skin (2011). Available from http://physics.aps.org/synopsis-for/10.
1103/PhysRevLett.106.037401?referer=rss
120. G. Speranza, L. Minati, The surface and bulk core line’s in crystalline and disordered
polycrystalline graphite. Surf. Sci. 600(19), 4438–4444 (2006)
21
98. P. Liu, Y. Zhao, R. Qin, S. Mo, G. Chen, L. Gu, D.M. Chevrier, P. Zhang, Q. Guo, D.
Zang, Photochemical route for synthesizing atomically dispersed palladium catalysts. Science
352(6287), 797–800 (2016)
99. G. Chen, C. Xu, X. Huang, J. Ye, L. Gu, G. Li, Z. Tang, B. Wu, H. Yang, Z. Zhao, Interfacial
electronic effects control the reaction selectivity of platinum catalysts. Nat. Mater. 15(5), 564
(2016)
100. H. Fei, J. Dong, M.J. Arellano-Jiménez, G. Ye, N.D. Kim, E.L. Samuel, Z. Peng, Z. Zhu,
F. Qin, J. Bao, Atomic cobalt on nitrogen-doped graphene for hydrogen generation. Nat.
Commun. 6, 8668 (2015)
101. R. Bliem, J.E. van der Hoeven, J. Hulva, J. Pavelec, O. Gamba, P.E. de Jongh, M. Schmid, P.
Blaha, U. Diebold, G.S. Parkinson, Dual role of CO in the stability of subnano Pt clusters at
the Fe 3 O 4 (001) surface. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 113(32), 8921–8926 (2016)
102. H. Wang, X.-K. Gu, X. Zheng, H. Pan, J. Zhu, S. Chen, L. Cao, W.-X. Li, J. Lu, Disentangling the size-dependent geometric and electronic effects of palladium nanocatalysts beyond
selectivity. Sci. Adv. 5(1), eaat6413 (2019)
103. X. Liu, L. Dai, Carbon-based metal-free catalysts. Nat. Rev. Mater. 1, 16064 (2016)
104. S.S. Yu, W.T. Zheng, Effect of N/B doping on the electronic and field emission properties for
carbon nanotubes, carbon nanocones, and graphene nanoribbons. Nanoscale 2(7), 1069–1082
(2010)
105. S. Yu, W. Zheng, C. Wang, Q. Jiang, Nitrogen/boron doping position dependence of the
electronic properties of a triangular graphene. ACS Nano 4(12), 7619–7629 (2010)
106. R.R. Parker, ITER in-vessel system design and performance. Nucl. Fusion 473–484 (2000)
107. R. Doerner, M. Baldwin, J. Hanna, C. Linsmeier, D. Nishijima, R. Pugno, J. Roth, K. Schmid,
A. Wiltner, Interaction of beryllium containing plasma with ITER materials. Phys. Scr.
2007(T128), 115 (2007)
108. J. Garai, A. Laugier, The temperature dependence of the isothermal bulk modulus at 1 bar
pressure. J. Appl. Phys. 101(2), 2424535 (2007)
109. M.P. Halsall, P. Harmer, P.J. Parbrook, S.J. Henley, Raman scattering and absorption study of
the high-pressure wurtzite to rocksalt phase transition of GaN. Phys. Rev. B 69(23), 235207
(2004)
110. Y. Wang, Y. Huang, Y. Song, X.Y. Zhang, Y.F. Ma, J.J. Liang, Y.S. Chen, Room-temperature
ferromagnetism of graphene. Nano Lett. 9(1), 220–224 (2009)
111. G.F. Reiter, A. Deb, Y. Sakurai, M. Itou, V.G. Krishnan, S.J. Paddison, Anomalous ground
state of the electrons in nanoconfined water. Phys. Rev. Lett. 111(3), 036803 (2013)
112. T. Enoki, Y. Kobayashi, K.I. Fukui, Electronic structures of graphene edges and nanographene.
Int. Rev. Phys. Chem. 26(4), 609–645 (2007)
113. T. Fujita, Y. Okawa, Y. Matsumoto, K.-I. Tanaka, Phase boundaries of nanometer scale c (2×
2)-O domains on the Cu (100) surface. Phys. Rev. B 54(3), 2167 (1996)
114. F. Jensen, F. Besenbacher, E. Laegsgaard, I. Stensgaard, Dynamics of oxygen-induced
reconstruction on Cu(100) studied by scanning tunneling microscopy. Phys. Rev. B 42(14),
9206–9209 (1990)
115. F.M. Chua, Y. Kuk, P.J. Silverman, Oxygen chemisorption on Cu(110): An atomic view by
scanning tunneling microscopy. Phys. Rev. Lett. 63(4), 386–389 (1989)
116. A. Sperl, J. Kroger, R. Berndt, A. Franke, E. Pehlke, Evolution of unoccupied resonance
during the synthesis of a silver dimer on Ag(111). New J. Phys. 11(6), 063020 (2009)
117. S. Folsch, P. Hyldgaard, R. Koch, K.H. Ploog, Quantum confinement in monatomic Cu chains
on Cu(111). Phys. Rev. Lett. 92(5), 056803 (2004)
118. T.T. Fister, D.D. Fong, J.A. Eastman, H. Iddir, P. Zapol, P.H. Fuoss, M. Balasubramanian, R.A.
Gordon, K.R. Balasubramaniam, P.A. Salvador, Total-reflection inelastic X-ray scattering
from a 10-nm thick La 0.6 Sr 0.4 CoO 3 thin film. Phys. Rev. Lett. 106(3), 037401 (2011)
119. S. Hebboul. X-raying the Skin (2011). Available from http://physics.aps.org/synopsis-for/10.
1103/PhysRevLett.106.037401?referer=rss
120. G. Speranza, L. Minati, The surface and bulk core line’s in crystalline and disordered
polycrystalline graphite. Surf. Sci. 600(19), 4438–4444 (2006)