Nomenclature
h
Contact angle between the solution droplet and a certain substrate
to feature the solution surface stress
c
Grüneisen parameter
η(C)
Solute concentration C resolved solution viscosity
H DX (x X ) Debye temperature (characteristic phonon frequency) of the x segment
of the O:H–O bond
η x (T)
Segmental specific heat featured by the H DX and the E x (specific-heat
integral)
AES
Auger electron spectroscopy
APECS
Auger photoelectron coincidence spectroscopy
BE
Binding energy
BOLS
Bond order-length-strength correlation for undercoordinated atoms and
molecules
BP
Black phosphorus
BZ
Brillouin zone
CLS
Core level shift
CN
Coordination number, z
DFT
Density functional theory
DOS
Density of states
DPS
Differential phonon spectrometrics
d x /E x
O:H–O bond x segmental length and bond energy (x = L for the O:H
and H for the H–O bond)
E m
The mth electron energy level of an atom
E coh
Atomic cohesive energy
E den
Binding energy density
E g
Bandgap; Raman translational vibration mode
f(C)
Solute concentration C resolved volume or number fraction of the
hydrogen bonds transiting from the vibration mode of ordinary water to
hydration states
FTIR
Fourier transformation of infrared spectroscopy
xxix