6.5 Copper
115
2
4
6
8
0
10
20
30
40
50
Relative Shift (%)
K
E L (2p 3/2 )
E M (3d 5/2 )
E K (L 3 M 45 M 45 )
APECS of Cu 2p 3/2
Fig. 6.11 BOLS reproduction (solid line) of the measured (scattered) size dependenc of the E L (K),
E M (K), and E K (K) of Cu nanostructures deposited on HOPG [65] results in the atomic E L (0),
E M (0), and E K (0) and their bulk shifts. Reproduction also results in the screening η ML = 1.25 and
the valence recharging κ ML = 1.05 coefficients, as featured in Table 6.3. Reprinted with permission
from [70]. Copyright 2006 Elsevier
Table 6.3 The M(3d 5/2 ) and the L(2p 3/2 ) energies of an isolated Cu atom and their bulk shifts
derived from BOLS formulation of the size dependent APECS (E K (L 3 M 45 M 45 ) lines
Substrate
HOPG
CYCL
CYCL
CYCL
Al 2 O 3
Al 2 O 3
Conditions
Ar +
–
Ar +
N +
80 K
300 K
m
1
1.30
1.82
1.96
1.27
1.94
τ
3
1
B ν /E ν (∞)
2.08
2.78
4.03
4.39
1.01
1.61
E M5 (∞) (eV)
7.23
E M5 (0)
5.11
E M5 (∞)
2.12
E L (∞)
932.70 [70]
E L (0)
931.00
E L (∞)
1.70
η ML
1.25
κ
1.05
1.42
1.15
2.05
1.04
1.23
Size dependent energy shift for both levels:
E ν (z) =< E ν (0) > ±σ + ν (12)(1 + H )
=
931.00 ± 0.01 + 1.70(1 + H ) (2 p)
5.11 ± 0.02 + 2.12(1 + H ) (5s)
(eV)
Linearization of the XPS data [68] using 2p (K) = b/K ± σ (0.01 ~ 0.02) for the chemically
treated Cu/HOPG, Cu/CYCL, and Cu/Al 2 O 3 [65] derives the following quantities [19]
115
2
4
6
8
0
10
20
30
40
50
Relative Shift (%)
K
E L (2p 3/2 )
E M (3d 5/2 )
E K (L 3 M 45 M 45 )
APECS of Cu 2p 3/2
Fig. 6.11 BOLS reproduction (solid line) of the measured (scattered) size dependenc of the E L (K),
E M (K), and E K (K) of Cu nanostructures deposited on HOPG [65] results in the atomic E L (0),
E M (0), and E K (0) and their bulk shifts. Reproduction also results in the screening η ML = 1.25 and
the valence recharging κ ML = 1.05 coefficients, as featured in Table 6.3. Reprinted with permission
from [70]. Copyright 2006 Elsevier
Table 6.3 The M(3d 5/2 ) and the L(2p 3/2 ) energies of an isolated Cu atom and their bulk shifts
derived from BOLS formulation of the size dependent APECS (E K (L 3 M 45 M 45 ) lines
Substrate
HOPG
CYCL
CYCL
CYCL
Al 2 O 3
Al 2 O 3
Conditions
Ar +
–
Ar +
N +
80 K
300 K
m
1
1.30
1.82
1.96
1.27
1.94
τ
3
1
B ν /E ν (∞)
2.08
2.78
4.03
4.39
1.01
1.61
E M5 (∞) (eV)
7.23
E M5 (0)
5.11
E M5 (∞)
2.12
E L (∞)
932.70 [70]
E L (0)
931.00
E L (∞)
1.70
η ML
1.25
κ
1.05
1.42
1.15
2.05
1.04
1.23
Size dependent energy shift for both levels:
E ν (z) =< E ν (0) > ±σ + ν (12)(1 + H )
=
931.00 ± 0.01 + 1.70(1 + H ) (2 p)
5.11 ± 0.02 + 2.12(1 + H ) (5s)
(eV)
Linearization of the XPS data [68] using 2p (K) = b/K ± σ (0.01 ~ 0.02) for the chemically
treated Cu/HOPG, Cu/CYCL, and Cu/Al 2 O 3 [65] derives the following quantities [19]