78
4 Solid and Liquid Skins
40. N. Barrett, C. Guillot, B. Villette, G. Treglia, B. Legrand, Inversion of the core level shift
between surface and subsurface atoms of the iridium (100)(1×1) and (100)(5×1) surfaces.
Surf. Sci. 251, 717–721 (1991)
41. M.J. Gladys, I. Ermanoski, G. Jackson, J.S. Quinton, J.E. Rowe, T.E. Madey, A high resolution
photoemission study of surface core-level shifts in clean and oxygen-covered Ir(2 1 0) surfaces.
J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. 135(2–3), 105–112 (2004)
42. M. Borg, M. Birgersson, M. Smedh, A. Mikkelsen, D.L. Adams, R. Nyholm, C.-O. Almbladh,
J.N. Andersen, Experimental and theoretical surface core-level shifts of aluminum (100) and
(111). Phys. Rev. B 69(23), 235418 (2004)
43. M. Bo, Y. Wang, Y. Huang, X. Yang, Y. Yang, C. Li, C.Q. Sun, Coordination-resolved local
bond relaxation, electron binding-energy shift, and Debye temperature of Ir solid skins. Appl.
Surf. Sci. 320, 509–513 (2014)
44. W. Qin, Y. Wang, Y.L. Huang, Z.F. Zhou, C. Yang, C.Q. Sun, Bond order resolved 3d(5/2)
and valence band chemical shifts of Ag surfaces and nanoclusters. J. Phys. Chem. A 116(30),
7892–7897 (2012)
45. W. Yu, M. Bo, Y. Huang, Y. Wang, C. Li, C.Q. Sun, Coordination-resolved bond and electron
spectrometrics of Au atomic clusters, solid skins, and oxidized foils. Chem. Phys. Chem. 16,
2159–2164 (2015)
46. M. Rocca, L. Savio, L. Vattuone, U. Burghaus, V. Palomba, N. Novelli, F.B. de Mongeot,
U. Valbusa, R. Gunnella, G. Comelli, A. Baraldi, S. Lizzit, G. Paolucci, Phase transition of
dissociatively adsorbed oxygen on Ag(001). Phys. Rev. B 61(1), 213–227 (2000)
47. Y. Zhu, Q. Qin, F. Xu, F. Fan, Y. Ding, T. Zhang, B.J. Wiley, Z.L. Wang, Size effects on
elasticity, yielding, and fracture of silver nanowires: In situ experiments. Phys. Rev. B 85(4),
045443 (2012)
48. J. Jupille, K.G. Purcell, D.A. King, W(100) clean surface phase transition studied by core-levelshift spectroscopy: order-order or order-disorder transition. Phys. Rev. B 39(10), 6871–6879
(1989)
49. K.G. Purcell, J. Jupille, G.P. Derby, D.A. King, Identification of underlayer components in the
surface core-level spectra of W(111). Phys. Rev. B 36(2), 1288–1291 (1987)
50. E. Minni, F. Werfel, Oxygen interaction with Mo (100) studied by XPS, AES and EELS. Surf.
Interface Anal. 12(7), 385–390 (1988)
51. X.B. Zhou, J.L. Erskine, Surface core-level shifts at vicinal tungsten surfaces. Phys. Rev. B
79(15), 155422 (2009)
52. J. Van der Veen, F. Himpsel, D. Eastman, Chemisorption-induced 4 f-core-electron bindingenergy shifts for surface atoms of W (111), W (100), and Ta (111). Phys. Rev. B 25(12), 7388
(1982)
53. Y.G. Nie, X. Zhang, S.Z. Ma, Y. Wang, J.S. Pan, C.Q. Sun, XPS revelation of tungsten edges
as a potential donor-type catalyst. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 13(27), 12640–12645 (2011)
54. W. Zhou, M. Bo, Y. Wang, Y. Huang, C. Li, C.Q. Sun, Local bond-electron-energy relaxation
of Mo atomic clusters and solid skins RSC. Advances 5, 29663–29668 (2015)
55. D.M. Riffe, W. Hale, B. Kim, J. Erskine, Conduction-electron screening in the bulk and at
low-index surfaces of Ta metal. Phys. Rev. B 51(16), 11012 (1995)
56. Y. Wang, X. Zhang, Y.G. Nie, C.Q. Sun, Under-coordinated atoms induced local strain, quantum
trap depression and valence charge polarization at W stepped surfaces. Phys. B-Condens. Matter
407(1), 49–53 (2012)
57. F. Himpsel, P. Heimann, T. Chiang, D. Eastman, Geometry-dependent Si(2p) surface core-level
excitations for Si(111) and Si(100) surfaces. Phys. Rev. Lett. 45(13), 1112–1115 (1980)
58. F. Himpsel, G. Hollinger, R. Pollak, Determination of the Fermi-level pinning position at
Si(111) surfaces. Phys. Rev. B 28(12), 7014–7018 (1983)
59. R. Niikura, K. Nakatsuji, F. Komori, Local atomic and electronic structure of Au-adsorbed Ge
(001) surfaces: scanning tunneling microscopy and x-ray photoemission spectroscopy. Phys.
Rev. B 83(3), 035311 (2011)
60. L. Pan, S. Xu, X. Liu, W. Qin, Z. Sun, W. Zheng, C.Q. Sun, Skin dominance of the dielectric
electronic-phononic-photonic attribute of nanoscaled silicon. Surf. Sci. Rep. 68(3–4), 418–445
(2013)
4 Solid and Liquid Skins
40. N. Barrett, C. Guillot, B. Villette, G. Treglia, B. Legrand, Inversion of the core level shift
between surface and subsurface atoms of the iridium (100)(1×1) and (100)(5×1) surfaces.
Surf. Sci. 251, 717–721 (1991)
41. M.J. Gladys, I. Ermanoski, G. Jackson, J.S. Quinton, J.E. Rowe, T.E. Madey, A high resolution
photoemission study of surface core-level shifts in clean and oxygen-covered Ir(2 1 0) surfaces.
J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. 135(2–3), 105–112 (2004)
42. M. Borg, M. Birgersson, M. Smedh, A. Mikkelsen, D.L. Adams, R. Nyholm, C.-O. Almbladh,
J.N. Andersen, Experimental and theoretical surface core-level shifts of aluminum (100) and
(111). Phys. Rev. B 69(23), 235418 (2004)
43. M. Bo, Y. Wang, Y. Huang, X. Yang, Y. Yang, C. Li, C.Q. Sun, Coordination-resolved local
bond relaxation, electron binding-energy shift, and Debye temperature of Ir solid skins. Appl.
Surf. Sci. 320, 509–513 (2014)
44. W. Qin, Y. Wang, Y.L. Huang, Z.F. Zhou, C. Yang, C.Q. Sun, Bond order resolved 3d(5/2)
and valence band chemical shifts of Ag surfaces and nanoclusters. J. Phys. Chem. A 116(30),
7892–7897 (2012)
45. W. Yu, M. Bo, Y. Huang, Y. Wang, C. Li, C.Q. Sun, Coordination-resolved bond and electron
spectrometrics of Au atomic clusters, solid skins, and oxidized foils. Chem. Phys. Chem. 16,
2159–2164 (2015)
46. M. Rocca, L. Savio, L. Vattuone, U. Burghaus, V. Palomba, N. Novelli, F.B. de Mongeot,
U. Valbusa, R. Gunnella, G. Comelli, A. Baraldi, S. Lizzit, G. Paolucci, Phase transition of
dissociatively adsorbed oxygen on Ag(001). Phys. Rev. B 61(1), 213–227 (2000)
47. Y. Zhu, Q. Qin, F. Xu, F. Fan, Y. Ding, T. Zhang, B.J. Wiley, Z.L. Wang, Size effects on
elasticity, yielding, and fracture of silver nanowires: In situ experiments. Phys. Rev. B 85(4),
045443 (2012)
48. J. Jupille, K.G. Purcell, D.A. King, W(100) clean surface phase transition studied by core-levelshift spectroscopy: order-order or order-disorder transition. Phys. Rev. B 39(10), 6871–6879
(1989)
49. K.G. Purcell, J. Jupille, G.P. Derby, D.A. King, Identification of underlayer components in the
surface core-level spectra of W(111). Phys. Rev. B 36(2), 1288–1291 (1987)
50. E. Minni, F. Werfel, Oxygen interaction with Mo (100) studied by XPS, AES and EELS. Surf.
Interface Anal. 12(7), 385–390 (1988)
51. X.B. Zhou, J.L. Erskine, Surface core-level shifts at vicinal tungsten surfaces. Phys. Rev. B
79(15), 155422 (2009)
52. J. Van der Veen, F. Himpsel, D. Eastman, Chemisorption-induced 4 f-core-electron bindingenergy shifts for surface atoms of W (111), W (100), and Ta (111). Phys. Rev. B 25(12), 7388
(1982)
53. Y.G. Nie, X. Zhang, S.Z. Ma, Y. Wang, J.S. Pan, C.Q. Sun, XPS revelation of tungsten edges
as a potential donor-type catalyst. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 13(27), 12640–12645 (2011)
54. W. Zhou, M. Bo, Y. Wang, Y. Huang, C. Li, C.Q. Sun, Local bond-electron-energy relaxation
of Mo atomic clusters and solid skins RSC. Advances 5, 29663–29668 (2015)
55. D.M. Riffe, W. Hale, B. Kim, J. Erskine, Conduction-electron screening in the bulk and at
low-index surfaces of Ta metal. Phys. Rev. B 51(16), 11012 (1995)
56. Y. Wang, X. Zhang, Y.G. Nie, C.Q. Sun, Under-coordinated atoms induced local strain, quantum
trap depression and valence charge polarization at W stepped surfaces. Phys. B-Condens. Matter
407(1), 49–53 (2012)
57. F. Himpsel, P. Heimann, T. Chiang, D. Eastman, Geometry-dependent Si(2p) surface core-level
excitations for Si(111) and Si(100) surfaces. Phys. Rev. Lett. 45(13), 1112–1115 (1980)
58. F. Himpsel, G. Hollinger, R. Pollak, Determination of the Fermi-level pinning position at
Si(111) surfaces. Phys. Rev. B 28(12), 7014–7018 (1983)
59. R. Niikura, K. Nakatsuji, F. Komori, Local atomic and electronic structure of Au-adsorbed Ge
(001) surfaces: scanning tunneling microscopy and x-ray photoemission spectroscopy. Phys.
Rev. B 83(3), 035311 (2011)
60. L. Pan, S. Xu, X. Liu, W. Qin, Z. Sun, W. Zheng, C.Q. Sun, Skin dominance of the dielectric
electronic-phononic-photonic attribute of nanoscaled silicon. Surf. Sci. Rep. 68(3–4), 418–445
(2013)