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diffraction spectroscopy. Phys. Rev. Lett. 100(20), 207201 (2008)
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the Au(111), (100), and (110) surfaces. Solid State Commun. 38(7), 595–598 (1981)
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A. Baraldi, Surface core level shifts of clean and oxygen covered Ir(111). New J. Phys. 11,
063002 (2009)
77
19. T.R. Hart, R.L. Aggarwal, B. Lax, Temperature dependence of Raman scattering in silicon.
Phys. Rev. B 1(2), 638–642 (1970)
20. M.S. Liu, L.A. Bursill, S. Prawer, R. Beserman, Temperature dependence of the first-order
Raman phonon lime of diamond. Phys. Rev. B 61(5), 3391–3395 (2000)
21. M. Kuzmin, M.J.P. Punkkinen, P. Laukkanen, J.J.K. Lång, J. Dahl, V. Tuominen, M. Tuominen,
R.E. Perälä, T. Balasubramanian, J. Adell, B. Johansson, L. Vitos, K. Kokko, I.J. Väyrynen,
Surface core-level shifts on Ge(111)c(2×8): experiment and theory. Phys. Rev. B 83(24),
245319 (2011)
22. S. Lizzit, A. Baraldi, A. Groso, K. Reuter, M.V. Ganduglia-Pirovano, C. Stampl, M. Scheffler,
M. Stichler, C. Keller, W. Wurth, D. Menzel, Surface core-level shifts of clean and oxygencovered Ru(0001). Phys. Rev. B 63(20), 205419 (2001)
23. J.B. Cui, K. Amtmann, J. Ristein, L. Ley, Noncontact temperature measurements of diamond
by Raman scattering spectroscopy. J. Appl. Phys. 83(12), 7929–7933 (1998)
24. Y. Wang, Y.G. Nie, J.S. Pan, L.K. Pan, Z. Sun, L.L. Wang, C.Q. Sun, Orientation-resolved
3d(5/2) binding energy shift of Rh and Pd surfaces: anisotropy of the skin-depth lattice strain
and quantum trapping. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 12(9), 2177–2182 (2010)
25. G. Wertheim, D.M. Riffe, N. Smith, P. Citrin, Electron mean free paths in the alkali metals.
Phys. Rev. B 46(4), 1955 (1992)
26. L.K. Pan, Y.K. Ee, C.Q. Sun, G.Q. Yu, Q.Y. Zhang, B.K. Tay, Band-gap expansion, core-level
shift, and dielectric suppression of porous silicon passivated by plasma fluorination. J. Vac.
Sci. Technol., B 22(2), 583–587 (2004)
27. C.J. Powell, A. Jablonski, Progress in quantitative surface analysis by X-ray photoelectron
spectroscopy: current status and perspectives. J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. 178–179,
331–346 (2010)
28. J. Chawla, X. Zhang, D. Gall, Effective electron mean free path in TiN (001). J. Appl. Phys.
113(6), 063704 (2013)
29. Y.G. Nie, J.S. Pan, W.T. Zheng, J. Zhou, C.Q. Sun, Atomic scale purification of Re surface kink
states with and without oxygen chemisorption. J. Phys. Chem. C 115(15), 7450–7455 (2011)
30. Y. Wang, Y.G. Nie, L.L. Wang, C.Q. Sun, Atomic-layer- and crystal-orientation-resolved 3d 5/2
binding energy shift of Ru(0001) and Ru(1010) surfaces. J. Phys. Chem. C 114(2), 1226–1230
(2010)
31. C.Q. Sun, Relaxation of the Chemical Bond (Springer Ser. Chem. Phys.), vol 108 (Springer,
Heidelberg, 2014) 807 pp
32. W.J. Huang, R. Sun, J. Tao, L.D. Menard, R.G. Nuzzo, J.M. Zuo, Coordination-dependent
surface atomic contraction in nanocrystals revealed by coherent diffraction. Nat. Mater. 7(4),
308–313 (2008)
33. W.H. Qi, B.Y. Huang, M.P. Wang, Bond-length and -energy variation of small Gold
nanoparticles. J. Comput. Theor. Nanosci. 6(3), 635–639 (2009)
34. A. Baraldi, L. Bianchettin, E. Vesselli, S. de Gironcoli, S. Lizzit, L. Petaccia, G. Zampieri,
G. Comelli, R. Rosei, Highly under-coordinated atoms at Rh surfaces: interplay of strain and
coordination effects on core level shift. New J. Phys. 9, 143 (2007)
35. F. Matsui, T. Matsushita, Y. Kato, M. Hashimoto, K. Inaji, F.Z. Guo, H. Daimon, Atomic-layer
resolved magnetic and electronic structure analysis of Ni thin film on a Cu(001) surface by
diffraction spectroscopy. Phys. Rev. Lett. 100(20), 207201 (2008)
36. P. Heimann, J.F. van der Veen, D.E. Eastman, Structure-dependent surface core level shifts for
the Au(111), (100), and (110) surfaces. Solid State Commun. 38(7), 595–598 (1981)
37. A.Y. Klyushin, T.C.R. Rocha, M. Havecker, A. Knop-Gericke, R. Schlogl, A near ambient
pressure XPS study of Au oxidation. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 16, 7881–7886 (2014)
38. C.Q. Sun, Oxidation electronics: bond-band-barrier correlation and its applications. Prog. Mater
Sci. 48(6), 521–685 (2003)
39. M. Bianchi, D. Cassese, A. Cavallin, R. Comin, F. Orlando, L. Postregna, E. Golfetto, S. Lizzit,
A. Baraldi, Surface core level shifts of clean and oxygen covered Ir(111). New J. Phys. 11,
063002 (2009)