1 3
Topics in Current Chemistry (2019) 377:2
14. Lee SL, O’Connor TF, Yang X, Cruz CN, Chatterjee S, Madurawe RD, Moore CMV, Yu LX,
Woodcock J (2015) modernizing pharmaceutical manufacturing: from batch to continuous produc‑
tion. J Pharm Innov 10:191–199
15. Leahy DK, Tucker JL, Mergelsberg I, Dunn PJ, Kopach ME, Purohit VC (2013) Seven important
elements for an effective green chemistry program: an IQ consortium perspective. Org Process Res
Dev 17:1099–1109
16. Pieber B, Kappe CO (2015) Aerobic oxidations in continuous flow. Top Organomet Chem
57:97–136
17. Gemoets HPL, Su Y, Shang M, Hessel V, Luque R, Noel T (2016) Liquid phase oxidation chemis‑
try in continuous‑flow microreactors. Chem Soc Rev 45:83–117
18. Hone CA, Roberge DM, Kappe CO (2017) The use of molecular oxygen in pharmaceutical manu‑
facturing: is flow the way to go? ChemSusChem 10:32–41
19. Battino R, Rettich TR, Tominaga T (1983) Solubility of oxygen and ozone in liquids. J Phys Chem
Ref Data 12:163–178
20. Henry W (1803) lll. Experiments on the quantity of gases absorbed by water, at different tempera‑
tures, and under different pressures. Phil Trans R Soc Lond 93:29–274
21. Mallia CJ, Baxendale IR (2016) The use of gases in flow synthesis. Org Process Res Dev
20:327–360
22. Yue J, Chen G, Yuan Q, Luo L, Gonthier Y (2007) Hydrodynamics and mass transfer characteris‑
tics in gas–liquid flow through a rectangular microchannel. Chem Eng Sci 62:2096–2108
23. Hartman RL, McMullen JP, Jensen KF (2011) Deciding whether to go with the flow: evaluating
the merits of flow reactors for synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed 50:7502–7519
24. Gavriilidis A, Constantinou A, Hellgardt K, Hii KKM, Hutchings GJ, Brett GL, Kuhn S, Marsden
SP (2016) Aerobic oxidations in flow: opportunities for the fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals
industries. React Chem Eng 1:595–612
25. Osterberg PM, Niemeier JK, Welch CJ, Hawkins JM, Martinelli JR, Johnson TE, Root TW, Stahl
SS (2015) Experimental limiting oxygen concentrations for nine organic solvents at temperatures
and pressures relevant to aerobic oxidations in the pharmaceutical industry. Org Process Res Dev
19:1537–1543
26. Pratt TH (1993) Electrostatic ignitions in enriched oxygen atmospheres: a case history. Process Saf
Prog 12:203–205
27. Veser K (2001) Experimental and theoretical investigation of H oxidation in a high‑temperature
catalytic microreactor. AIChE J 56:1265–1273
28. Thomas ML, Fraga‑Dubreuil J, Coote AS, Poliakoff M (2008) A dramatic switch in selectivity in
the catalytic dehydrogenation of 4‑vinylcyclohexene in high pressure steam; a cautionary lesson for
continuous flow reactions. Green Chem 10:197–201
29. Kockmann N, Thenée P, Fleischer‑Trebes C, Laudadio G, Noël T (2017) Safety assessment in
development and operation of modular continuous‑flow processes. React Chem Eng 2:258–280
30. Anderson NG (2012) Using continuous processes to increase production. Org Process Res Dev
16:852–869
31. Wang D, Weinstein AB, White PB, Stahl SS (2018) Ligand‑promoted palladium‑catalyzed aerobic
oxidation reactions. Chem Rev 118:2636–2679
32. Jin LQ, Lei AW (2012) Mechanistic aspects of oxidation of palladium with O 2 . Sci China Chem
55:2027–2035
33. Ye X, Johnson MD, Diao T, Yates MH, Stahl SS (2010) Development of safe and scalable continu‑
ous‑flow methods for palladium‑catalyzed aerobic oxidation reactions. Green Chem 12:1180–1186
34. Hone CA, O’Kearney‑McMullan A, Munday R, Kappe CO (2017) A continuous‑flow process for
palladium‑catalyzed olefin cleavage by using oxygen within the explosive regime. ChemCatChem
9:3298–3302
35. Gutmann B, Elsner P, Cox DP, Weigl U, Roberge DM, Kappe CO (2016) Towards the synthesis
of noroxymorphone via aerobic palladium‑catalyzed continuous flow N‑demethylation strategies.
ACS Sustain Chem Eng 4:6048–6061
36. Roberge DM, Gottsponer M, Eyholzer M, Kockmann N (2009) Industrial design, scale‑up, and use
of microreactors. Chim Oggi 27:8–11
37. Constable DJC, Dunn PJ, Hayler JD, Humphrey GR, Leazer JL Jr, Linderman RJ, Lorenz K, Man‑
ley J, Pearlman BA, Wells A, Zaks A, Zhang TY (2007) Key green chemistry research areas? A
perspective from pharmaceutical manufacturers. Green Chem 9:411–420
105
Reprinted from the journal
Topics in Current Chemistry (2019) 377:2
14. Lee SL, O’Connor TF, Yang X, Cruz CN, Chatterjee S, Madurawe RD, Moore CMV, Yu LX,
Woodcock J (2015) modernizing pharmaceutical manufacturing: from batch to continuous produc‑
tion. J Pharm Innov 10:191–199
15. Leahy DK, Tucker JL, Mergelsberg I, Dunn PJ, Kopach ME, Purohit VC (2013) Seven important
elements for an effective green chemistry program: an IQ consortium perspective. Org Process Res
Dev 17:1099–1109
16. Pieber B, Kappe CO (2015) Aerobic oxidations in continuous flow. Top Organomet Chem
57:97–136
17. Gemoets HPL, Su Y, Shang M, Hessel V, Luque R, Noel T (2016) Liquid phase oxidation chemis‑
try in continuous‑flow microreactors. Chem Soc Rev 45:83–117
18. Hone CA, Roberge DM, Kappe CO (2017) The use of molecular oxygen in pharmaceutical manu‑
facturing: is flow the way to go? ChemSusChem 10:32–41
19. Battino R, Rettich TR, Tominaga T (1983) Solubility of oxygen and ozone in liquids. J Phys Chem
Ref Data 12:163–178
20. Henry W (1803) lll. Experiments on the quantity of gases absorbed by water, at different tempera‑
tures, and under different pressures. Phil Trans R Soc Lond 93:29–274
21. Mallia CJ, Baxendale IR (2016) The use of gases in flow synthesis. Org Process Res Dev
20:327–360
22. Yue J, Chen G, Yuan Q, Luo L, Gonthier Y (2007) Hydrodynamics and mass transfer characteris‑
tics in gas–liquid flow through a rectangular microchannel. Chem Eng Sci 62:2096–2108
23. Hartman RL, McMullen JP, Jensen KF (2011) Deciding whether to go with the flow: evaluating
the merits of flow reactors for synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed 50:7502–7519
24. Gavriilidis A, Constantinou A, Hellgardt K, Hii KKM, Hutchings GJ, Brett GL, Kuhn S, Marsden
SP (2016) Aerobic oxidations in flow: opportunities for the fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals
industries. React Chem Eng 1:595–612
25. Osterberg PM, Niemeier JK, Welch CJ, Hawkins JM, Martinelli JR, Johnson TE, Root TW, Stahl
SS (2015) Experimental limiting oxygen concentrations for nine organic solvents at temperatures
and pressures relevant to aerobic oxidations in the pharmaceutical industry. Org Process Res Dev
19:1537–1543
26. Pratt TH (1993) Electrostatic ignitions in enriched oxygen atmospheres: a case history. Process Saf
Prog 12:203–205
27. Veser K (2001) Experimental and theoretical investigation of H oxidation in a high‑temperature
catalytic microreactor. AIChE J 56:1265–1273
28. Thomas ML, Fraga‑Dubreuil J, Coote AS, Poliakoff M (2008) A dramatic switch in selectivity in
the catalytic dehydrogenation of 4‑vinylcyclohexene in high pressure steam; a cautionary lesson for
continuous flow reactions. Green Chem 10:197–201
29. Kockmann N, Thenée P, Fleischer‑Trebes C, Laudadio G, Noël T (2017) Safety assessment in
development and operation of modular continuous‑flow processes. React Chem Eng 2:258–280
30. Anderson NG (2012) Using continuous processes to increase production. Org Process Res Dev
16:852–869
31. Wang D, Weinstein AB, White PB, Stahl SS (2018) Ligand‑promoted palladium‑catalyzed aerobic
oxidation reactions. Chem Rev 118:2636–2679
32. Jin LQ, Lei AW (2012) Mechanistic aspects of oxidation of palladium with O 2 . Sci China Chem
55:2027–2035
33. Ye X, Johnson MD, Diao T, Yates MH, Stahl SS (2010) Development of safe and scalable continu‑
ous‑flow methods for palladium‑catalyzed aerobic oxidation reactions. Green Chem 12:1180–1186
34. Hone CA, O’Kearney‑McMullan A, Munday R, Kappe CO (2017) A continuous‑flow process for
palladium‑catalyzed olefin cleavage by using oxygen within the explosive regime. ChemCatChem
9:3298–3302
35. Gutmann B, Elsner P, Cox DP, Weigl U, Roberge DM, Kappe CO (2016) Towards the synthesis
of noroxymorphone via aerobic palladium‑catalyzed continuous flow N‑demethylation strategies.
ACS Sustain Chem Eng 4:6048–6061
36. Roberge DM, Gottsponer M, Eyholzer M, Kockmann N (2009) Industrial design, scale‑up, and use
of microreactors. Chim Oggi 27:8–11
37. Constable DJC, Dunn PJ, Hayler JD, Humphrey GR, Leazer JL Jr, Linderman RJ, Lorenz K, Man‑
ley J, Pearlman BA, Wells A, Zaks A, Zhang TY (2007) Key green chemistry research areas? A
perspective from pharmaceutical manufacturers. Green Chem 9:411–420
105
Reprinted from the journal