Topics in Current Chemistry (2019) 377:2
1 3
opposed to synthetic air, can be safely harnessed in particular instances to provide
highly convincing synthetic and manufacturing benefits. Nevertheless, the utiliza‑
tion of continuous flow reactors still poses significant challenges in terms of cost
and lack of available infrastructure and expertise available within the synthetic
chemistry community. We are convinced that, for environmental, economic, regula‑
tory and synthetic reasons, continuous flow aerobic oxidations will be embraced by
scientists and engineers within academic laboratories, and the pharmaceutical and
fine chemical manufacturing industries, where further exciting developments can be
anticipated in the coming years.
Acknowledgements Open access funding provided by University of Graz. The CCFLOW Project (Aus‑
trian Research Promotion Agency FFG No. 862766) is funded through the Austrian COMET Program by
the Austrian Federal Ministry of Transport, Innovation and Technology (BMVIT), the Austrian Federal
Ministry of Science, Research and Economy (BMWFW), and by the State of Styria (Styrian Funding
Agency SFG). We are grateful to Dr. Doris Dallinger for carefully proofreading this chapter.
Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Interna‑
tional License (http://creat iveco mmons .org/licen ses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution,
and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the
source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.
References
1. Jones AB, Wang J, Hamme AT, Han W (2013) Oxygen. In: Encyclopedia of reagents for organic
synthesis. https ://doi.org/10.1002/04708 4289x .ro028 .pub3
2. Caron S, Dugger RW, Ruggeri SG, Ragan JA, Ripin DHB (2006) Large‑scale oxidations in the
pharmaceutical industry. Chem Rev 106:2943–2989
3. Anastas PT, Kirchhoff MM (2002) Origins, current status, and future challenges of green chemis‑
try. Acc Chem Res 35:686–694
4. Stahl SS, Alsters PL (2016) Liquid phase aerobic oxidation catalysis: industrial applications and
academic perspectives. Wiley, New York
5. Roduner E, Kaim W, Sarkar B, Urlacher VB, Pleiss J, Glaser R, Einicke WD, Sprenger GA, Beifus
U, Klemm E, Liebner C, Hieronymus H, Hsu SF, Plietker B, Laschat S (2013) Selective catalytic
oxidation of C–H bonds with molecular oxygen. ChemCatChem 5:82–112
6. Cavani F, Henrique J (2009) Sustainability in catalytic oxidation: an alternative approach or a
structural evolution? ChemSusChem 2:508–534
7. Stitt EH (2002) Alternative multiphase reactors for fine chemicals A world beyond stirred tanks?
Chem Eng J 90:47–60
8. Cao Q, Dornan LM, Rogan L, Hughes NL, Muldoon MJ (2014) Aerobic oxidation catalysis with
stable radicals. Chem Commun 50:4524–4543
9. Gutmann B, Cantillo D, Kappe CO (2015) Continuous‑flow technology—a tool for the safe manu‑
facturing of active pharmaceutical ingredients. Angew Chem Int Ed 54:6688–6728
10. Movsisyan M, Delbeke EIP, Berton JKET, Battilocchio C, Ley SV, Stevens CV (2016) Taming
hazardous chemistry by continuous flow technology. Chem Soc Rev 45:4892–4928
11. Plutschack MB, Bartholomäus P, Gilmore K, Seeberger PH (2017) The Hitchhiker’s guide to flow
chemistry. Chem Rev 117:11796–11893
12. Gérardy R, Emmanuel N, Toupy T, Kassin V, Tshibalonza NN, Schmitz M, Monbaliu JM (2018)
Continuous flow organic chemistry: successes and pitfalls at the interface with current societal
challenges. Eur J Org Chem 2018:2301–2351
13. Watson WJW (2012) How do the fine chemical, pharmaceutical, and related industries approach
green chemistry and sustainability? Green Chem 14:251–259
104
Reprinted from the journal
1 3
opposed to synthetic air, can be safely harnessed in particular instances to provide
highly convincing synthetic and manufacturing benefits. Nevertheless, the utiliza‑
tion of continuous flow reactors still poses significant challenges in terms of cost
and lack of available infrastructure and expertise available within the synthetic
chemistry community. We are convinced that, for environmental, economic, regula‑
tory and synthetic reasons, continuous flow aerobic oxidations will be embraced by
scientists and engineers within academic laboratories, and the pharmaceutical and
fine chemical manufacturing industries, where further exciting developments can be
anticipated in the coming years.
Acknowledgements Open access funding provided by University of Graz. The CCFLOW Project (Aus‑
trian Research Promotion Agency FFG No. 862766) is funded through the Austrian COMET Program by
the Austrian Federal Ministry of Transport, Innovation and Technology (BMVIT), the Austrian Federal
Ministry of Science, Research and Economy (BMWFW), and by the State of Styria (Styrian Funding
Agency SFG). We are grateful to Dr. Doris Dallinger for carefully proofreading this chapter.
Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Interna‑
tional License (http://creat iveco mmons .org/licen ses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution,
and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the
source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.
References
1. Jones AB, Wang J, Hamme AT, Han W (2013) Oxygen. In: Encyclopedia of reagents for organic
synthesis. https ://doi.org/10.1002/04708 4289x .ro028 .pub3
2. Caron S, Dugger RW, Ruggeri SG, Ragan JA, Ripin DHB (2006) Large‑scale oxidations in the
pharmaceutical industry. Chem Rev 106:2943–2989
3. Anastas PT, Kirchhoff MM (2002) Origins, current status, and future challenges of green chemis‑
try. Acc Chem Res 35:686–694
4. Stahl SS, Alsters PL (2016) Liquid phase aerobic oxidation catalysis: industrial applications and
academic perspectives. Wiley, New York
5. Roduner E, Kaim W, Sarkar B, Urlacher VB, Pleiss J, Glaser R, Einicke WD, Sprenger GA, Beifus
U, Klemm E, Liebner C, Hieronymus H, Hsu SF, Plietker B, Laschat S (2013) Selective catalytic
oxidation of C–H bonds with molecular oxygen. ChemCatChem 5:82–112
6. Cavani F, Henrique J (2009) Sustainability in catalytic oxidation: an alternative approach or a
structural evolution? ChemSusChem 2:508–534
7. Stitt EH (2002) Alternative multiphase reactors for fine chemicals A world beyond stirred tanks?
Chem Eng J 90:47–60
8. Cao Q, Dornan LM, Rogan L, Hughes NL, Muldoon MJ (2014) Aerobic oxidation catalysis with
stable radicals. Chem Commun 50:4524–4543
9. Gutmann B, Cantillo D, Kappe CO (2015) Continuous‑flow technology—a tool for the safe manu‑
facturing of active pharmaceutical ingredients. Angew Chem Int Ed 54:6688–6728
10. Movsisyan M, Delbeke EIP, Berton JKET, Battilocchio C, Ley SV, Stevens CV (2016) Taming
hazardous chemistry by continuous flow technology. Chem Soc Rev 45:4892–4928
11. Plutschack MB, Bartholomäus P, Gilmore K, Seeberger PH (2017) The Hitchhiker’s guide to flow
chemistry. Chem Rev 117:11796–11893
12. Gérardy R, Emmanuel N, Toupy T, Kassin V, Tshibalonza NN, Schmitz M, Monbaliu JM (2018)
Continuous flow organic chemistry: successes and pitfalls at the interface with current societal
challenges. Eur J Org Chem 2018:2301–2351
13. Watson WJW (2012) How do the fine chemical, pharmaceutical, and related industries approach
green chemistry and sustainability? Green Chem 14:251–259
104
Reprinted from the journal