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Topics in Current Chemistry (2019) 377:35
and hydrazones 8 were activated by NHC and magnesium salt, respectively. Addition of the magnesium Lewis acid resulted in dramatically enhanced reactivity, with
improved diastereoselectivity and enantioselectivity.
Wang et al. found that the addition of titanium Lewis acid created a new reaction
pathway [11]. In 2007, Phillips et  al. reported the enantioselective intramolecular
Fig. 3 Chiral NHC/Ti-catalyzed annulation
Fig. 4 NHC/chiral Ti-catalyzed annulation
Fig. 5 Enantioselective synthesis of γ-lactam by NHC/Mg catalysis
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