28.6 Conclusions
It is elicited that peatland restoration has become the crosscutting measure to restore
the ecological functioning of peatlands, and primarily undertakes the new practices
and a continuous process in time to be integrated into the entire landscape of peat
hydrological unit, entangled in the policies of land uses to be reformulated at
multiple stakeholder levels. Technical measures coupled with conventional
approaches to communities are a lengthy process which assures the continuous
process of peatland restoration. Specifically, future challenges for the restoration in
tropical peatland areas are related to the following information: (1) a long-term
multisectoral deal between multistakeholder (Government-Private Sector-Community) is necessary, (2) the show window plots are only a slice of the whole pizza of
restoration within peat hydrological unit, (3) upscaling of show window in
re-wetting areas in one peat hydrological unit has a great potential to develop local
livelihoods such as paludiculture, fisheries, duck farms, and swamp buffaloes
pasture, (4) canal blocking shall be done massively in the entire peat hydrological
units; while landscape variabilities of peat hydrological units are high, and (5) one
vision of policy and regulation between the central and regional governments is
a must.
References
Abrams JF, Sönke H, Tim R, Tim R, Antje B, Agostino M (2016) The impact of Indonesian
peatland degradation on downstream marine ecosystems and the global carbon cycle. Glob
Chang Biol 22(1):325–337
Acreman M, Holden J (2013) How wetlands affect floods. Wetlands 33(5):773–786
Afriyanti D (2011) Participatory assessment of peatland management for mitigation of carbon
emission environmental system analysis, Wageningen University
Afriyanti D, Hein L, Kroeze C, Mohammad Z, Saad A (2019) Scenarios for withdrawal of oil palm
plantations from peatlands in Jambi Province, Sumatra, Indonesia. Reg Environ Chang
19:1201–1215
Anshari G, Kershaw P, van der Kaars S, Jacobsen G (2004) Environmental change and peatland
forest dynamics in the Lake Sentarum area, West Kalimantan. Indonesia J Quater Sci 19
(7):637–655
Brooks KN, Folliot OF, Magner JA (2013) Hydrology and the management of watersheds, 4th edn.
Wiley, Ames
Buttler RA, Koh LP, Ghazoul J (2009) REDD in the red: palm oil could undermine carbon payment
schemes. Conserv Lett 2:67–73
Comte I, Colin F, Whalen JK, Grünberger O, Caliman JP (2012) Agricultural practices in oil palm
plantations and their impact on hydrological changes, nutrient fluxes and water quality in
Indonesia: a review. In: Advances in Agronomy, vol 116. Academic Press, Amsterdam, pp
71–124
GOI (2016) First nationally determined contribution, Republic of Indonesia. http://ditjenppi.
menlhk.go.id/reddplus/images/resources/ndc/First_NDC.pdf
28 Show Windows and Lessons Learned from Peatland Restoration in Indonesia
773
It is elicited that peatland restoration has become the crosscutting measure to restore
the ecological functioning of peatlands, and primarily undertakes the new practices
and a continuous process in time to be integrated into the entire landscape of peat
hydrological unit, entangled in the policies of land uses to be reformulated at
multiple stakeholder levels. Technical measures coupled with conventional
approaches to communities are a lengthy process which assures the continuous
process of peatland restoration. Specifically, future challenges for the restoration in
tropical peatland areas are related to the following information: (1) a long-term
multisectoral deal between multistakeholder (Government-Private Sector-Community) is necessary, (2) the show window plots are only a slice of the whole pizza of
restoration within peat hydrological unit, (3) upscaling of show window in
re-wetting areas in one peat hydrological unit has a great potential to develop local
livelihoods such as paludiculture, fisheries, duck farms, and swamp buffaloes
pasture, (4) canal blocking shall be done massively in the entire peat hydrological
units; while landscape variabilities of peat hydrological units are high, and (5) one
vision of policy and regulation between the central and regional governments is
a must.
References
Abrams JF, Sönke H, Tim R, Tim R, Antje B, Agostino M (2016) The impact of Indonesian
peatland degradation on downstream marine ecosystems and the global carbon cycle. Glob
Chang Biol 22(1):325–337
Acreman M, Holden J (2013) How wetlands affect floods. Wetlands 33(5):773–786
Afriyanti D (2011) Participatory assessment of peatland management for mitigation of carbon
emission environmental system analysis, Wageningen University
Afriyanti D, Hein L, Kroeze C, Mohammad Z, Saad A (2019) Scenarios for withdrawal of oil palm
plantations from peatlands in Jambi Province, Sumatra, Indonesia. Reg Environ Chang
19:1201–1215
Anshari G, Kershaw P, van der Kaars S, Jacobsen G (2004) Environmental change and peatland
forest dynamics in the Lake Sentarum area, West Kalimantan. Indonesia J Quater Sci 19
(7):637–655
Brooks KN, Folliot OF, Magner JA (2013) Hydrology and the management of watersheds, 4th edn.
Wiley, Ames
Buttler RA, Koh LP, Ghazoul J (2009) REDD in the red: palm oil could undermine carbon payment
schemes. Conserv Lett 2:67–73
Comte I, Colin F, Whalen JK, Grünberger O, Caliman JP (2012) Agricultural practices in oil palm
plantations and their impact on hydrological changes, nutrient fluxes and water quality in
Indonesia: a review. In: Advances in Agronomy, vol 116. Academic Press, Amsterdam, pp
71–124
GOI (2016) First nationally determined contribution, Republic of Indonesia. http://ditjenppi.
menlhk.go.id/reddplus/images/resources/ndc/First_NDC.pdf
28 Show Windows and Lessons Learned from Peatland Restoration in Indonesia
773