and the inclusion of emission from peat fires accrue opportunities for the future
improvement (MoEF 2016). Nevertheless, NDC of Indonesia has put forward
optimistic scenario of mitigation through restoration of 2 Mha peatlands to succeed
in 2030.
28.5.3 Implication for the Future of Peatland Restoration:
Participatory Approach in Natural Resources
Management
The participatory approach aims to incorporate the knowledge and opinions of rural
people in the planning and management of development projects and programs. This
approach is mostly used by non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and other
agencies involved in international development. People dealing with the participatory approach in natural resource management should understand the policies and
decision-making processes. As for peatland restoration measure, stakeholders also
need to develop the answers to some questions that arise, including:
• How do stakeholders make a deal between one another and which policies or
methods should be established in response to natural resource management
(in this case peat areas)?
• How do different people involved in management coordinate their actions to
avoid some conflicts raising from the overlap between needs and policies?
• How are policies enforced when voluntary efforts are the most important thing to
consider?
Therefore, consistently avoiding or minimizing conflict in participatory approach
and in the coordination with multistakeholder are necessary. Inflexible or
undelegated roles in natural resources management could lead to major destruction
(Brooks et al. 2013). A participatory approach implies that the perceptions, views,
and concerns of all relevant stakeholders or actors must be accommodated.
Besides, Schroth et al. (2013) also indicate that one major justification for
co-management is the belief that an increased stakeholder participation will enhance
the efficiency and perhaps the equity of the knotted common property resources
management and social systems. Social and biophysical conditions must be considered in the making of regulations. In this case, giving apparent authority to the
community and the mutual need for natural resources can reduce or avoid forest
degradation.
772
H. Gunawan et al.
improvement (MoEF 2016). Nevertheless, NDC of Indonesia has put forward
optimistic scenario of mitigation through restoration of 2 Mha peatlands to succeed
in 2030.
28.5.3 Implication for the Future of Peatland Restoration:
Participatory Approach in Natural Resources
Management
The participatory approach aims to incorporate the knowledge and opinions of rural
people in the planning and management of development projects and programs. This
approach is mostly used by non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and other
agencies involved in international development. People dealing with the participatory approach in natural resource management should understand the policies and
decision-making processes. As for peatland restoration measure, stakeholders also
need to develop the answers to some questions that arise, including:
• How do stakeholders make a deal between one another and which policies or
methods should be established in response to natural resource management
(in this case peat areas)?
• How do different people involved in management coordinate their actions to
avoid some conflicts raising from the overlap between needs and policies?
• How are policies enforced when voluntary efforts are the most important thing to
consider?
Therefore, consistently avoiding or minimizing conflict in participatory approach
and in the coordination with multistakeholder are necessary. Inflexible or
undelegated roles in natural resources management could lead to major destruction
(Brooks et al. 2013). A participatory approach implies that the perceptions, views,
and concerns of all relevant stakeholders or actors must be accommodated.
Besides, Schroth et al. (2013) also indicate that one major justification for
co-management is the belief that an increased stakeholder participation will enhance
the efficiency and perhaps the equity of the knotted common property resources
management and social systems. Social and biophysical conditions must be considered in the making of regulations. In this case, giving apparent authority to the
community and the mutual need for natural resources can reduce or avoid forest
degradation.
772
H. Gunawan et al.