After LOB-BS incubation for 21 days, the fermentation broth contains (1) PGPR
increasing with the number about 10
7 to 10
8 CFU, (2) about 50 ppm IAA, (3) all
essential and non-essential amino acids except histidine, and (4) organic acids
(Antonius et al. 2018). The preservation of PGPR fermentation broth keeps the
activity until 5 months by assaying IAA production, P-solubilizing, N-fixing, proteolytic activity, and calculating the cell viability as well as CFU number
(Agustiyani et al. 2012).
9.3.2 Beyonic-StarTmik LIPI (LOB-BS) for Improving Soil
Properties and Crop Yields
Due to poor soil management, e.g., long-term monoculture plantings, low input of
organic materials, and chemical-based management, the soil has been degraded,
especially in soil biochemical properties (Antonius et al. 2007). Conversely, there
are many reports which indicate that plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR)
can promote plant growth and control plant diseases. Thus, to monitor the process of
land degradation, it is assumed that microbial diversity and their population number
as well as their enzyme activities are good indicators of soil properties and soil
fertility.
A series of LOB-BS are applied to greenhouse tests, demonstration plots, and
farm plots in which the parameters are measured, such as the biochemical property of
the soil, soil microbial populations, soil enzymes, and plant growth and crop yields.
LOB-BS is applied to several crops such as Brassica oleracea, Allium cepa,
Brassica rapa, Persea Americana, Paphiopedilum javanicum, and other crops
(Antonius and Agustyani 2011b; Antonius et al. 2018; Sukamto et al. 2014;
Hendriyani et al. 2019). LOB (Beyonic-StarTmik LIPI) application continuously
improves crop growth (Fig. 9.3), and biochar application with LOB improves greatly
in many cases (Antonius and Agustyani 2011a; Antonius et al. 2018). Another
interesting finding is the great improvement of hydrophobic plant growth parameters
(seedling growth and leaf area index) by mixing 25% LOB and 75% commercial
hydroponic solution of organic and inorganic nutrients (Priadi 2017).
The basic concept of applying organic fertilizer is to create healthy soil. There are
many parameters as the indicator for soil health, such as microbial diversity and soil
enzyme activities. Types of enzymes commonly found in soil are dehydrogenase,
catalase, phosphatase, amylase, cellulase, xylanase, pectinase, protease, and urease,
which are secreted from bacteria and fungi, only a small amount from plant roots and
animals in soil (Dick et al. 2000). These enzymes have several important functions
on nutrient cycling, affecting nutrient use efficiency and organic matter degradation
(Dick et al. 2000; Balota et al. 2004). The LOB-BS application to soil grown crops
and vegetables increases soil enzyme activity such as urease and phosphomonoesterase and also increases crop production (Antonius et al. 2007; Antonius and
Agustyani 2011b).
9 Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) and Compost Materials for. . .
311
increasing with the number about 10
7 to 10
8 CFU, (2) about 50 ppm IAA, (3) all
essential and non-essential amino acids except histidine, and (4) organic acids
(Antonius et al. 2018). The preservation of PGPR fermentation broth keeps the
activity until 5 months by assaying IAA production, P-solubilizing, N-fixing, proteolytic activity, and calculating the cell viability as well as CFU number
(Agustiyani et al. 2012).
9.3.2 Beyonic-StarTmik LIPI (LOB-BS) for Improving Soil
Properties and Crop Yields
Due to poor soil management, e.g., long-term monoculture plantings, low input of
organic materials, and chemical-based management, the soil has been degraded,
especially in soil biochemical properties (Antonius et al. 2007). Conversely, there
are many reports which indicate that plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR)
can promote plant growth and control plant diseases. Thus, to monitor the process of
land degradation, it is assumed that microbial diversity and their population number
as well as their enzyme activities are good indicators of soil properties and soil
fertility.
A series of LOB-BS are applied to greenhouse tests, demonstration plots, and
farm plots in which the parameters are measured, such as the biochemical property of
the soil, soil microbial populations, soil enzymes, and plant growth and crop yields.
LOB-BS is applied to several crops such as Brassica oleracea, Allium cepa,
Brassica rapa, Persea Americana, Paphiopedilum javanicum, and other crops
(Antonius and Agustyani 2011b; Antonius et al. 2018; Sukamto et al. 2014;
Hendriyani et al. 2019). LOB (Beyonic-StarTmik LIPI) application continuously
improves crop growth (Fig. 9.3), and biochar application with LOB improves greatly
in many cases (Antonius and Agustyani 2011a; Antonius et al. 2018). Another
interesting finding is the great improvement of hydrophobic plant growth parameters
(seedling growth and leaf area index) by mixing 25% LOB and 75% commercial
hydroponic solution of organic and inorganic nutrients (Priadi 2017).
The basic concept of applying organic fertilizer is to create healthy soil. There are
many parameters as the indicator for soil health, such as microbial diversity and soil
enzyme activities. Types of enzymes commonly found in soil are dehydrogenase,
catalase, phosphatase, amylase, cellulase, xylanase, pectinase, protease, and urease,
which are secreted from bacteria and fungi, only a small amount from plant roots and
animals in soil (Dick et al. 2000). These enzymes have several important functions
on nutrient cycling, affecting nutrient use efficiency and organic matter degradation
(Dick et al. 2000; Balota et al. 2004). The LOB-BS application to soil grown crops
and vegetables increases soil enzyme activity such as urease and phosphomonoesterase and also increases crop production (Antonius et al. 2007; Antonius and
Agustyani 2011b).
9 Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) and Compost Materials for. . .
311