In connection with the development of ECM fungi that has the potential to be
edible mushrooms in some species of Dipterocarpaceae and Myrtaceae hosts in TPE,
it is necessary to select effective species of ECM fungi introduced. In general, the
edible mycorrhizal mushroom has the status of “late stage.” ECM fungi groups of
late stages are very difficult to have a symbiosis with the seedlings in the nursery.
They are also difficult to isolate and slow in growth in the agar medium. If they are
able to colonize in a seedling stage, the percentage of colonization is very low. In
fact, early-stage ECM fungi can colonize seedlings early in the nursery. In addition,
many edible ECM mushroom fungi are generally umbrella-shaped and have limited
spores compared to the early-stage fungi in the form of-puff-ball with abundant
spores. This means that the development of edible ECM mushroom fungi is an
incentive for forest communities, so that they can protect the forest and benefit from
alternative edible mushroom food and additional income by selling them to the
market. One of the edible ECM mushrooms is Heimioporus retisporus; this species
is associated with Tristaniopsis spp. in peatland and heath forest (Helbert et al.
2019). H. retisporus has a high price as an edible mushroom in Bangka Island
(Fig. 8.6). This ECM mushroom grows once per year; sometimes we can find them
growing twice per year. Harvesting time of edible mushroom has changed due to
climate change. Production of wild edible ECM mushroom has decreased over the
years. Forest communities as mushroom hunters in Bangka Island know the location
a
b
c
d
Fig. 8.4 Biodiversity of ECM fungi could be associated with local forest tree species
(Dipterocarpaceae, Myrtaceae, and Fagaceae) in TPE in Sumatra and Kalimantan; (a) fruit body
of ECM Heimioporus retisporus; (b) fruit body of ECM Astraeus spp.; (c) fruit body of ECM
Lactarius spp.; (d) fruit body of ECM Strobilomyces spp
8 The Role of Mycorrhizal Fungi for Supporting AeroHydro Culture in Tropical. . .
295
edible mushrooms in some species of Dipterocarpaceae and Myrtaceae hosts in TPE,
it is necessary to select effective species of ECM fungi introduced. In general, the
edible mycorrhizal mushroom has the status of “late stage.” ECM fungi groups of
late stages are very difficult to have a symbiosis with the seedlings in the nursery.
They are also difficult to isolate and slow in growth in the agar medium. If they are
able to colonize in a seedling stage, the percentage of colonization is very low. In
fact, early-stage ECM fungi can colonize seedlings early in the nursery. In addition,
many edible ECM mushroom fungi are generally umbrella-shaped and have limited
spores compared to the early-stage fungi in the form of-puff-ball with abundant
spores. This means that the development of edible ECM mushroom fungi is an
incentive for forest communities, so that they can protect the forest and benefit from
alternative edible mushroom food and additional income by selling them to the
market. One of the edible ECM mushrooms is Heimioporus retisporus; this species
is associated with Tristaniopsis spp. in peatland and heath forest (Helbert et al.
2019). H. retisporus has a high price as an edible mushroom in Bangka Island
(Fig. 8.6). This ECM mushroom grows once per year; sometimes we can find them
growing twice per year. Harvesting time of edible mushroom has changed due to
climate change. Production of wild edible ECM mushroom has decreased over the
years. Forest communities as mushroom hunters in Bangka Island know the location
a
b
c
d
Fig. 8.4 Biodiversity of ECM fungi could be associated with local forest tree species
(Dipterocarpaceae, Myrtaceae, and Fagaceae) in TPE in Sumatra and Kalimantan; (a) fruit body
of ECM Heimioporus retisporus; (b) fruit body of ECM Astraeus spp.; (c) fruit body of ECM
Lactarius spp.; (d) fruit body of ECM Strobilomyces spp
8 The Role of Mycorrhizal Fungi for Supporting AeroHydro Culture in Tropical. . .
295