ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF). The diversity of mycorrhizal fungi is greater in
tropical forests than in other forests, and colonization by mycorrhizal fungi improves
plant growth in several species in tropical forests.
The survival rate of colonized tree seedlings is higher than that of noncolonized
seedlings. The symbiotic fungi called AMF are common and are found in major
terrestrial plants, including cycads, conifers (except for the pine family), and most
trees and crop plants, including palms. Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) and oil palm
(Elaeis guineensis) have been reported to be significantly colonized and showed
high growth performance with AMF. On the other hand, there has been no report on
the role of mycorrhizal fungi in sago palm (Metroxylon sago). Inoculation with
mycorrhizal fungi at the nursery stage is a useful technique for large-scale restoration
programs in degraded tropical peatland forests. The selection of appropriate combinations of native tree species and mycorrhizal fungal species is also important for the
restoration of degraded peatlands. The combination of selected mycorrhizae and
biochar achieved high productivity and ensured high quality in sago-based
ecosystems.
Shorea species from the Dipterocarpaceae family are the predominant indigenous
tropical tree species in Southeast Asia, including Indonesia (Lee 1998). The biodiversity of ectomycorrhizal fungi in tropical forests is very high (Helbert and Nara
2019; Brearley 2012). There are many ectomycorrhizal fungi in the root systems of
Shorea spp. Ectomycorrhizal fungi can colonize Shorea roots to help absorb essential nutrients under low pH conditions in mineral and peat soil. Ectomycorrhizal
fungal screening is needed to obtain effective ectomycorrhizal fungi to support the
mass production of Shorea spp. seedlings under nursery conditions. Shorea pinanga
exhibited a good growth response after inoculation with the ectomycorrhizal fungi
Pisolithus arhizus and Scleroderma columnare compared that in to control seedlings
under nursery conditions (Fig. 7.15) (Turjaman et al. 2005). Shorea seminis
exhibited the same response after inoculation with both ectomycorrhizal fungi
(Turjaman et al. 2006).
7.4.3 Matrix for Microorganisms
Natural materials with porous structures are useful in AeroHydro culture for (1) providing a matrix for PGPR, (2) water retention, (3) nutrient adsorption, and (4) oxygen
permeability. The following are candidate porous structure materials for AeroHydro
culture:
• Biochar (charcoal)
• Zeolite
• Coal and brown coal
• Cotton
• Bamboo powder
• Rice husks
7 Principles of AeroHydro Culture
265
tropical forests than in other forests, and colonization by mycorrhizal fungi improves
plant growth in several species in tropical forests.
The survival rate of colonized tree seedlings is higher than that of noncolonized
seedlings. The symbiotic fungi called AMF are common and are found in major
terrestrial plants, including cycads, conifers (except for the pine family), and most
trees and crop plants, including palms. Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) and oil palm
(Elaeis guineensis) have been reported to be significantly colonized and showed
high growth performance with AMF. On the other hand, there has been no report on
the role of mycorrhizal fungi in sago palm (Metroxylon sago). Inoculation with
mycorrhizal fungi at the nursery stage is a useful technique for large-scale restoration
programs in degraded tropical peatland forests. The selection of appropriate combinations of native tree species and mycorrhizal fungal species is also important for the
restoration of degraded peatlands. The combination of selected mycorrhizae and
biochar achieved high productivity and ensured high quality in sago-based
ecosystems.
Shorea species from the Dipterocarpaceae family are the predominant indigenous
tropical tree species in Southeast Asia, including Indonesia (Lee 1998). The biodiversity of ectomycorrhizal fungi in tropical forests is very high (Helbert and Nara
2019; Brearley 2012). There are many ectomycorrhizal fungi in the root systems of
Shorea spp. Ectomycorrhizal fungi can colonize Shorea roots to help absorb essential nutrients under low pH conditions in mineral and peat soil. Ectomycorrhizal
fungal screening is needed to obtain effective ectomycorrhizal fungi to support the
mass production of Shorea spp. seedlings under nursery conditions. Shorea pinanga
exhibited a good growth response after inoculation with the ectomycorrhizal fungi
Pisolithus arhizus and Scleroderma columnare compared that in to control seedlings
under nursery conditions (Fig. 7.15) (Turjaman et al. 2005). Shorea seminis
exhibited the same response after inoculation with both ectomycorrhizal fungi
(Turjaman et al. 2006).
7.4.3 Matrix for Microorganisms
Natural materials with porous structures are useful in AeroHydro culture for (1) providing a matrix for PGPR, (2) water retention, (3) nutrient adsorption, and (4) oxygen
permeability. The following are candidate porous structure materials for AeroHydro
culture:
• Biochar (charcoal)
• Zeolite
• Coal and brown coal
• Cotton
• Bamboo powder
• Rice husks
7 Principles of AeroHydro Culture
265