– Global partnership as global security: International safety networks on peatland/
wetland
– Social security: REDD+, PES (payment for ecosystem services), CSR&CSV, and
ESG&SRI
The eco-management of tropical peatland (Chap. 2) and the construction of
iMRV and iEOS proposed in this work are expected to supply guidelines to avoid
corruption of ABCDEFGs security in tropical peatland.
5.10 Conclusion
The tropical peatland ecosystem has existed as a stable carbon and water reservoirs
for a long term, which should contribute to ameliorating the Earth’s system. Carbon
and water reservoirs have a “stock”-like function, but the “stock” function is not
stable and is dynamic because “carbon and water stock” is a balance of carbon and
water cycling known as “carbon and water flow.” Recently, tropical peatland
dynamics in the carbon–water–nutrients system has been activated by impacts on
climate change and human activity, which occur not only in peatland but also in all
areas and all ecosystems in the tropical zone. The carbon–water–nutrients system is a
key element of tropical peatland existence. Forest is a key conductor that
A
C, G,s A,B,C,s
B,C,D,
E,s
F,s
-Aquatic /water security: Water Reservoir Ecosystem
-Biodiversity security: High biodiversity by mix-planting and nature-conservation around peat dome
-Climate Change security: Mitigation as Carbon Emission Reduction & Adaptation as High Biomass Production (enough
water) against El Niño
-Disaster security: Fire & Haze Protection
-Energy security: Biomass energy from sago starch and residuals, and other biomass materials in Sago based Ecosystem
-Food/Feed security: Sago starch for food and feed (animal husbandry and fish culture)
-Global Partnership as global security: International safety networks on Peatland/Wetland
-social security: REDD+, PES, CSR&CSV, and ESG&SRI
ABCDEFGs Securities in Peatlands based Natural Capital
E,s
Fig. 5.20 Evaluation of peatland to SDGs and ABCDEFGs
192
N. Tsuji et al.
wetland
– Social security: REDD+, PES (payment for ecosystem services), CSR&CSV, and
ESG&SRI
The eco-management of tropical peatland (Chap. 2) and the construction of
iMRV and iEOS proposed in this work are expected to supply guidelines to avoid
corruption of ABCDEFGs security in tropical peatland.
5.10 Conclusion
The tropical peatland ecosystem has existed as a stable carbon and water reservoirs
for a long term, which should contribute to ameliorating the Earth’s system. Carbon
and water reservoirs have a “stock”-like function, but the “stock” function is not
stable and is dynamic because “carbon and water stock” is a balance of carbon and
water cycling known as “carbon and water flow.” Recently, tropical peatland
dynamics in the carbon–water–nutrients system has been activated by impacts on
climate change and human activity, which occur not only in peatland but also in all
areas and all ecosystems in the tropical zone. The carbon–water–nutrients system is a
key element of tropical peatland existence. Forest is a key conductor that
A
C, G,s A,B,C,s
B,C,D,
E,s
F,s
-Aquatic /water security: Water Reservoir Ecosystem
-Biodiversity security: High biodiversity by mix-planting and nature-conservation around peat dome
-Climate Change security: Mitigation as Carbon Emission Reduction & Adaptation as High Biomass Production (enough
water) against El Niño
-Disaster security: Fire & Haze Protection
-Energy security: Biomass energy from sago starch and residuals, and other biomass materials in Sago based Ecosystem
-Food/Feed security: Sago starch for food and feed (animal husbandry and fish culture)
-Global Partnership as global security: International safety networks on Peatland/Wetland
-social security: REDD+, PES, CSR&CSV, and ESG&SRI
ABCDEFGs Securities in Peatlands based Natural Capital
E,s
Fig. 5.20 Evaluation of peatland to SDGs and ABCDEFGs
192
N. Tsuji et al.