water flow to the downside. In contrast to the main canal, the branch canals look like
ribs from the sky. It is relatively easy to determine whether a branch canal is properly
constructed. If the water level of the canal and the height of the bank are always
constant, then the branch canal is created parallel to the contour line. However, if it is
not, then it is not built along the contour line and may be causing water runoff.
Peat Dam Construction Peat dams are constructed to divide two different water
zones. For the main canal, peat dams play an essential role in stopping water flow
from upstream in the main canal. The main canal is used for log transport and the
movement of equipment and workers, and if it is blocked by many dams, it is
difficult to move them by barges or speedboats. In addition, log transport would
result in a significant cost increase. Dams do not have to be complex structures;
simply hardening them with soil would be sufficient.
Spillway Construction Spillways are water management infrastructures that control excess water and balance water reserves, especially in the rainy season
(Figs. 3.17 and 3.18).
Flap Gate Construction WSL-MTI have been developing innovative technologies
efficiently and at a low cost to maintain the peat ecosystem and enhance tree growth.
One of the innovations is a flap gate to control the direction of water flow (see details
in Figs. 3.19 and 3.20). The flap gates use lightweight materials (e.g., PVC sheets)
with a combination of timbers to support a structure with a floating drum, which goes
up and down according to the water level. For instance, at the high-water level, the
floating drum rises and the gate closes automatically, while the floating drum goes
down at the low water level and the gate opens to allow the intrusion of water.
WSL-MTI expect that low-technology such as the flap gate can be used not only by
companies but also by local communities as a transferred technology.
One of the technologies, the flap gate, has a truly simple design, low cost, and
easy maintenance (Fig. 3.19). This technology has been transferred to the community and other companies around concessions (Fig. 3.20).
Fig. 3.17 Illustration of spillways
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ribs from the sky. It is relatively easy to determine whether a branch canal is properly
constructed. If the water level of the canal and the height of the bank are always
constant, then the branch canal is created parallel to the contour line. However, if it is
not, then it is not built along the contour line and may be causing water runoff.
Peat Dam Construction Peat dams are constructed to divide two different water
zones. For the main canal, peat dams play an essential role in stopping water flow
from upstream in the main canal. The main canal is used for log transport and the
movement of equipment and workers, and if it is blocked by many dams, it is
difficult to move them by barges or speedboats. In addition, log transport would
result in a significant cost increase. Dams do not have to be complex structures;
simply hardening them with soil would be sufficient.
Spillway Construction Spillways are water management infrastructures that control excess water and balance water reserves, especially in the rainy season
(Figs. 3.17 and 3.18).
Flap Gate Construction WSL-MTI have been developing innovative technologies
efficiently and at a low cost to maintain the peat ecosystem and enhance tree growth.
One of the innovations is a flap gate to control the direction of water flow (see details
in Figs. 3.19 and 3.20). The flap gates use lightweight materials (e.g., PVC sheets)
with a combination of timbers to support a structure with a floating drum, which goes
up and down according to the water level. For instance, at the high-water level, the
floating drum rises and the gate closes automatically, while the floating drum goes
down at the low water level and the gate opens to allow the intrusion of water.
WSL-MTI expect that low-technology such as the flap gate can be used not only by
companies but also by local communities as a transferred technology.
One of the technologies, the flap gate, has a truly simple design, low cost, and
easy maintenance (Fig. 3.19). This technology has been transferred to the community and other companies around concessions (Fig. 3.20).
Fig. 3.17 Illustration of spillways
114
T. Kato et al.