leachate whereas Fe 3 O 4 will cause 90% of the treatment and TiO 2 will cause the
maximum treatment i.e., 95% (Sudarsan et al. 2015).
12.7.1 Iron Nanoparticles
Iron nanoparticles are considered to be best for the removal of pollutants like
chlorinated solvents or organic particles from the wastewater. These nanoparticles
remove about 47.94% of the pollutants from the wastewater in just 10 min when the
conditions like its concentration is 2500 mg/l, pH is 6.5 and temperature is 18 Æ 1
C
(Andas et al. 2015). These nanoparticles have high reactivity and rapid removal of
the particles because of its small size and high surface area. These nanoparticles also
act as the reducing agent and catalyst and remove the particles like organic
pesticides, trinitrotoluene (TNT), nitrates, heavy metals, polychlorinated biphenyls
(PCBs). These nanoparticles are used for the pretreatment and post-treatment of the
leachate and are thus used by many municipal solid waste landfill leachate treatment
plant (Kashitarash et al. 2012).
12.7.2 Titanium Dioxide
Titanium dioxide is considered as the best for the removal of the heavy metals
present in the wastewater. For example, it can remove 96% Cr and Pb particles
present in the wastewater. It is considered as the most stable adsorbent and
photocatalytic particle due to its some properties like chemical stability, nontoxic
nature, and photostability. In some cases, like magnetite nanoparticles, it can be
reused for five to seven times.
12.8 Nanotechnology and Recycling
Recycling and reuse are used to deduct the quantity of the material which is send to
the landfills and can also be used to improve the supply of the raw material (United
States Environment Protection Agency 2007). As there are few mechanisms and
methods do exists which help in increasing the intrinsic end-of-life of the product’s
value. For defining the process of recycling the most common example is of the
plastics. Plastics are the one which is connected to every aspect of daily life of every
person, and gives a number of benefits. This is very common among the consumer
and the industrial products. However, plastics form a large portion of the solid waste
stream: 10% by weight and 26% by volume (Joshi and Ahmed 2016). Out of the
total, about two-third of the plastic are used for the purpose of packing and for other
dependable products which need to get disposed of after the single use. These
plastics are non-biodegradable and remain in the environment for thousands of
years, because of which the pressure on the manufacturers get increased to ensure
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S. Vyas et al.
maximum treatment i.e., 95% (Sudarsan et al. 2015).
12.7.1 Iron Nanoparticles
Iron nanoparticles are considered to be best for the removal of pollutants like
chlorinated solvents or organic particles from the wastewater. These nanoparticles
remove about 47.94% of the pollutants from the wastewater in just 10 min when the
conditions like its concentration is 2500 mg/l, pH is 6.5 and temperature is 18 Æ 1
C
(Andas et al. 2015). These nanoparticles have high reactivity and rapid removal of
the particles because of its small size and high surface area. These nanoparticles also
act as the reducing agent and catalyst and remove the particles like organic
pesticides, trinitrotoluene (TNT), nitrates, heavy metals, polychlorinated biphenyls
(PCBs). These nanoparticles are used for the pretreatment and post-treatment of the
leachate and are thus used by many municipal solid waste landfill leachate treatment
plant (Kashitarash et al. 2012).
12.7.2 Titanium Dioxide
Titanium dioxide is considered as the best for the removal of the heavy metals
present in the wastewater. For example, it can remove 96% Cr and Pb particles
present in the wastewater. It is considered as the most stable adsorbent and
photocatalytic particle due to its some properties like chemical stability, nontoxic
nature, and photostability. In some cases, like magnetite nanoparticles, it can be
reused for five to seven times.
12.8 Nanotechnology and Recycling
Recycling and reuse are used to deduct the quantity of the material which is send to
the landfills and can also be used to improve the supply of the raw material (United
States Environment Protection Agency 2007). As there are few mechanisms and
methods do exists which help in increasing the intrinsic end-of-life of the product’s
value. For defining the process of recycling the most common example is of the
plastics. Plastics are the one which is connected to every aspect of daily life of every
person, and gives a number of benefits. This is very common among the consumer
and the industrial products. However, plastics form a large portion of the solid waste
stream: 10% by weight and 26% by volume (Joshi and Ahmed 2016). Out of the
total, about two-third of the plastic are used for the purpose of packing and for other
dependable products which need to get disposed of after the single use. These
plastics are non-biodegradable and remain in the environment for thousands of
years, because of which the pressure on the manufacturers get increased to ensure
272
S. Vyas et al.