12.2.10 Iron Oxide
Iron oxide nanoparticles (FeO-NPs) are the superparamagnetic in nature with the
surface-to-volume ratio which means greater the surface area, there will be easy
separation of the contaminants. They are efficiently used for the wastewater treatment mainly for the removal of the pesticides, dyes, and halogenated compounds
which are present in the water.
Types of
nanosystems
Size (nm)
Characteristics
References
Carbon
nanotubes
0.5–3
diameter and
20–1000
length
They are either in single-layer
(single-walled nanotube, SWNT) or
in multilayer (multiwalled nanotube,
MWNT). They are in the form of the
carbon sheets act as the third
allotropic crystalline. They are very
powerful and have electrical
properties i.e., conducting,
semiconducting, or insulating
Attar and Ranveer
(2015)
Dendrimer
<10
They are formed by the method of
controlled polymerization. They are
branched with three parts i.e., core,
branch, and surface
Bhatia (2016)
Liposome
50–100
They are phospholipid vesicles,
biocompatible, versatile, good
entrapment efficiency, offer easy
Honda et al. (2013)
Metallic
nanoparticles
<100
They are of very small size and have
large surface area. Used for the
stabilization and
functionalization. e.g., gold and
silver colloids.
Tambe Patil (2005)
Nanocrystals
quantum dots
2–9.5
They are semiconducting material
which is synthesized with II-VI and
III-V column element; Size is
between 10 and 100 Å; have bright
fluorescence, narrow emission,
broad UV excitation, and high photo
stability
United States
Environmental
Protection Agency
(Mar 1, 2007)
Polymeric
micelles
10–100 nm
Block amphiphilic copolymer
micelles have high drug entrapment,
payload, and bio stability
Gaucher et al. (2005)
Polymeric
nanoparticles
10–1000
They are biodegradable,
biocompatible, and offer complete
drug protection
Tambe Patil (2005)
12 Management of Waste Using Nanotechnology
259
Iron oxide nanoparticles (FeO-NPs) are the superparamagnetic in nature with the
surface-to-volume ratio which means greater the surface area, there will be easy
separation of the contaminants. They are efficiently used for the wastewater treatment mainly for the removal of the pesticides, dyes, and halogenated compounds
which are present in the water.
Types of
nanosystems
Size (nm)
Characteristics
References
Carbon
nanotubes
0.5–3
diameter and
20–1000
length
They are either in single-layer
(single-walled nanotube, SWNT) or
in multilayer (multiwalled nanotube,
MWNT). They are in the form of the
carbon sheets act as the third
allotropic crystalline. They are very
powerful and have electrical
properties i.e., conducting,
semiconducting, or insulating
Attar and Ranveer
(2015)
Dendrimer
<10
They are formed by the method of
controlled polymerization. They are
branched with three parts i.e., core,
branch, and surface
Bhatia (2016)
Liposome
50–100
They are phospholipid vesicles,
biocompatible, versatile, good
entrapment efficiency, offer easy
Honda et al. (2013)
Metallic
nanoparticles
<100
They are of very small size and have
large surface area. Used for the
stabilization and
functionalization. e.g., gold and
silver colloids.
Tambe Patil (2005)
Nanocrystals
quantum dots
2–9.5
They are semiconducting material
which is synthesized with II-VI and
III-V column element; Size is
between 10 and 100 Å; have bright
fluorescence, narrow emission,
broad UV excitation, and high photo
stability
United States
Environmental
Protection Agency
(Mar 1, 2007)
Polymeric
micelles
10–100 nm
Block amphiphilic copolymer
micelles have high drug entrapment,
payload, and bio stability
Gaucher et al. (2005)
Polymeric
nanoparticles
10–1000
They are biodegradable,
biocompatible, and offer complete
drug protection
Tambe Patil (2005)
12 Management of Waste Using Nanotechnology
259