Environmental Protection Agency 2007). The quantum dots are of different size
depending upon their dimensions. As if one dimension is reduced to the nano size
and the other two dimensions remain large, then the structure obtained is known as
quantum well. Whereas, if two dimensions are so reduced and one remains the large,
the resulting structure will be of quantum wire and if the three dimensions are reduce
to nano size then the structure obtained will be known as the quantum dot. Here, the
word “quantum” is referred to these structures because of the change in their
quantum-mechanical nature (Poole Jr and Owens 2003).
12.2.6 Dendrimers
Dendrimers are the hyper branched, tree-like structures having controlled size and
shape. They are chemical polymers which are made up of monomers by the process
of convergent and divergent step-growth polymerization. Dendrimers consists of
three parts, i.e., cores, branch and surface having the size <10 (Bhatia 2016).
12.2.7 Liposome
Liposomes are the tiny closed lipid vesicles which are made up of phospholipid
bilayer bands. They are water soluble drug and can be getting into the aqueous
phase. The size of liposomes varies from 50–100 nm. They act as the drug carriers
because of their noncovalent aggregation, lipid composition, their size, and electric
charge. They have the property of biocompatibility and versatility (Honda et al.
2013).
12.2.8 Composites
Composites are the nanoparticles used for combining the nanoparticles with the
other nanoparticles or with some bulker or larger materials. For example, nano-sized
clays are added to the products which are used for the packing materials in order to
increase their thermal, barrier, mechanical, and flame-resistivity properties.
12.2.9 Nanocomposites
Nanocomposites are the particles used to put the nanoparticles into carriers in the
form of beads, fibers, or columns/monolithic physically or chemically. They are able
to avoid the contaminants to get spread in the environment. Therefore the nanofunctionality can be generated by the use of the tailored nanostructured bulk
materials or by the nano-assembled devices (Cundy 2017).
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S. Vyas et al.
depending upon their dimensions. As if one dimension is reduced to the nano size
and the other two dimensions remain large, then the structure obtained is known as
quantum well. Whereas, if two dimensions are so reduced and one remains the large,
the resulting structure will be of quantum wire and if the three dimensions are reduce
to nano size then the structure obtained will be known as the quantum dot. Here, the
word “quantum” is referred to these structures because of the change in their
quantum-mechanical nature (Poole Jr and Owens 2003).
12.2.6 Dendrimers
Dendrimers are the hyper branched, tree-like structures having controlled size and
shape. They are chemical polymers which are made up of monomers by the process
of convergent and divergent step-growth polymerization. Dendrimers consists of
three parts, i.e., cores, branch and surface having the size <10 (Bhatia 2016).
12.2.7 Liposome
Liposomes are the tiny closed lipid vesicles which are made up of phospholipid
bilayer bands. They are water soluble drug and can be getting into the aqueous
phase. The size of liposomes varies from 50–100 nm. They act as the drug carriers
because of their noncovalent aggregation, lipid composition, their size, and electric
charge. They have the property of biocompatibility and versatility (Honda et al.
2013).
12.2.8 Composites
Composites are the nanoparticles used for combining the nanoparticles with the
other nanoparticles or with some bulker or larger materials. For example, nano-sized
clays are added to the products which are used for the packing materials in order to
increase their thermal, barrier, mechanical, and flame-resistivity properties.
12.2.9 Nanocomposites
Nanocomposites are the particles used to put the nanoparticles into carriers in the
form of beads, fibers, or columns/monolithic physically or chemically. They are able
to avoid the contaminants to get spread in the environment. Therefore the nanofunctionality can be generated by the use of the tailored nanostructured bulk
materials or by the nano-assembled devices (Cundy 2017).
258
S. Vyas et al.