power of C-dots has also been employed for the widely used surfactant, i.e. SDS
from the aqueous media. The respective changes in the absorption rate of C-dots
toward SDS have been monitored by varying the temperature and pH range of the
reaction media. The effect of addition of external salt, i.e. NaCl has also been
checked on presence of C-dots. The results were found to be quite impressive for
the management of waste water from industrial sources having dye as toxins and
enhanced the potential of C-dots in environmental remediation applications
(Chavez-Sumarriva et al. 2016) This can be possible via the presence of different
type of functional groups over the surface of C-dots which has provided the extra
space for the complexation of dyes with C-dots (Liu et al. 2014). The surface
modification with DNA has provided the extra affinity for dyes and provided the
stable complexation (Song et al. 2015).
Ramanan et al. (2018) have used the application of waste expanded polystyrene
materials for the preparation of C-dots. As such these waste materials are considered
to be one of the toxic non-biodegradable substances and its management is considered to be quite troublesome. By using their strategy, the conversion of these toxins
into useful luminescent C-dots has provided a better option for dye removal. The
prepared C-dots have shown high quantum yield value and long shelf life with
controlled size. In addition, the PL activity of C-dots is not affected by the changes in
the pH and ionic strength of the reaction media. The adsorption aptitude of as
prepared C-dots is found to be quite effective towards dye molecules.
Ma et al. (2018) have presented the single step route for fabricating the magnetic
hybrid carbon nanotubes with Fe and C-dots by using the applications of APCNTs
treated with NaClO. The formed composite has possessed high surface area and acts
as a good adsorbent for the removal of dyes molecules. For instance, the adsorption
capacity of methylene blue was found to be as high as dyes 132.58 mg/g. On the
other hand, the system works well for methyl orange and nile red dyes with
adsorption capacities of 28.41 mg/g and 98.81 mg/g, respectively. The system
works well for the removal dyes in binary mixture systems. It has been found that
the cooperative adsorption was possible over the surface of CNTs/Fe@C for removing MB-MO dyes from aqueous media (Fig. 7.6). On the other hand, the MB-NR
dyes have displayed competitive adsorption during the treatment (Ma et al. 2018).
In a separate report, Sansuk et al. (2016) have provided a new approach for the
removal of anionic dyes from the waste water resources by using the combination of
layered double hydroxides with C-dots. The electrostatic interaction between the
LDHs and acid yellow 25 has mainly responsible for the dye removal. Just within
5 min, the 97% of dye molecules are able to get removed from the aqueous media
with very high removal capacity of around 186 mg/g.
Singh et al. (2019b) have used the application of in-situ synthesized magnetic IO
nanoparticles inside CSGO hybrid hydrogel matrix for the removal of MB dye. The
presence of carboxyl and epoxy groups of oxide form of C-dots has the ability to
react with CS molecules to form amide and resulted in the formation of hydrogel for
the effective removal of dye molecules. The formed hybrid has possessed large
surface area for the effective removal of MB from aqueous media. The formed
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S. Chaudhary and P. Chauhan
from the aqueous media. The respective changes in the absorption rate of C-dots
toward SDS have been monitored by varying the temperature and pH range of the
reaction media. The effect of addition of external salt, i.e. NaCl has also been
checked on presence of C-dots. The results were found to be quite impressive for
the management of waste water from industrial sources having dye as toxins and
enhanced the potential of C-dots in environmental remediation applications
(Chavez-Sumarriva et al. 2016) This can be possible via the presence of different
type of functional groups over the surface of C-dots which has provided the extra
space for the complexation of dyes with C-dots (Liu et al. 2014). The surface
modification with DNA has provided the extra affinity for dyes and provided the
stable complexation (Song et al. 2015).
Ramanan et al. (2018) have used the application of waste expanded polystyrene
materials for the preparation of C-dots. As such these waste materials are considered
to be one of the toxic non-biodegradable substances and its management is considered to be quite troublesome. By using their strategy, the conversion of these toxins
into useful luminescent C-dots has provided a better option for dye removal. The
prepared C-dots have shown high quantum yield value and long shelf life with
controlled size. In addition, the PL activity of C-dots is not affected by the changes in
the pH and ionic strength of the reaction media. The adsorption aptitude of as
prepared C-dots is found to be quite effective towards dye molecules.
Ma et al. (2018) have presented the single step route for fabricating the magnetic
hybrid carbon nanotubes with Fe and C-dots by using the applications of APCNTs
treated with NaClO. The formed composite has possessed high surface area and acts
as a good adsorbent for the removal of dyes molecules. For instance, the adsorption
capacity of methylene blue was found to be as high as dyes 132.58 mg/g. On the
other hand, the system works well for methyl orange and nile red dyes with
adsorption capacities of 28.41 mg/g and 98.81 mg/g, respectively. The system
works well for the removal dyes in binary mixture systems. It has been found that
the cooperative adsorption was possible over the surface of CNTs/Fe@C for removing MB-MO dyes from aqueous media (Fig. 7.6). On the other hand, the MB-NR
dyes have displayed competitive adsorption during the treatment (Ma et al. 2018).
In a separate report, Sansuk et al. (2016) have provided a new approach for the
removal of anionic dyes from the waste water resources by using the combination of
layered double hydroxides with C-dots. The electrostatic interaction between the
LDHs and acid yellow 25 has mainly responsible for the dye removal. Just within
5 min, the 97% of dye molecules are able to get removed from the aqueous media
with very high removal capacity of around 186 mg/g.
Singh et al. (2019b) have used the application of in-situ synthesized magnetic IO
nanoparticles inside CSGO hybrid hydrogel matrix for the removal of MB dye. The
presence of carboxyl and epoxy groups of oxide form of C-dots has the ability to
react with CS molecules to form amide and resulted in the formation of hydrogel for
the effective removal of dye molecules. The formed hybrid has possessed large
surface area for the effective removal of MB from aqueous media. The formed
182
S. Chaudhary and P. Chauhan