dependent optical, electrical, photophysical, and photoluminescence properties of
C-dots have made them one of the important advanced materials in environmental
science (Kaur et al. 2019; Jang et al. 2019). The existence of size in range of
1–10 nm with sp
2 graphitic carbon and non-toxic nature has made C-dots as one
of the potential contenders for waste water management. The current chapter deals
with the role of C-dots synthesized via using biocompatible methods in dye removal
activities. The distinguishing photophysical properties of C-dots will be discussed in
terms of innovative creation of strong materials for producing viable environment
(Sahoo et al. 2019; Saud et al. 2015). The application of waste biomass for the
production of C-dots concept in this chapter has further encouraged an upcoming
opportunity for sustainable existence where waste biomass is converted into new ad
advanced material for the maintenance of healthy environment.
7.6
Bio-Inspired Synthesis of C-Dots
The potential application of C-dots has made them one of the probable candidates in
environmental remediation activities. The past 15 years have witnessed a huge
progress in the field of exploring better and effective methods for the preparation
of C-dots with optimized properties (Fan et al. 2020; Pal et al. 2018). Commonly, the
fabrication of C-dots can be achieved by employing top down or bottom up
approaches (Mohideen et al. 2020). Conventionally, arc discharge, laser ablation,
hydrothermal methods are employed for converting large sized activated carbon
sources to small nanodots with size in the range of 1–10 nm (Ridha et al. 2019;
Huang et al. 2014). The application of carbonaceous materials has also documented
in literature for preparing C-dots (Fig. 7.3).
The main disadvantage associated with the old methodologies is the low yield of
the prepared particles with limited aqueous solubility. Additionally, the surface
modification of C-dots has somehow overcome the solubility issue associated with
C-dots (Zheng et al. 2019). Currently, the usage of bio-inspired methodologies has
gathered much awareness among the researchers for fabricating size-controlled
C-dots with high quantum yield and enhanced water solubility. Under,
bio-inspired approach, biocompatible, greener and sustainable resources of carbon
have been employed for generating size-controlled particles with optimized optical
and photoluminescence properties (Mehta et al. 2019; Zheng et al. 2019). Currently,
the bio-dots of carbon synthesized by using the natural biomolecules and waste
biomass have displayed efficient fluorophore properties in sensing of harmful toxins
(Liu et al. 2017; Shen and Xia 2014). The literature has witnessed the wide variety of
natural resources including seeds, plants, eggs, leaves, rotten vegetables, fruit juices,
animal waste, coconut coir, fruits peels, coffee seeds, orange, lenticels, amino acids
bio-hazard waste as a starting material for fabricating C-dots (Table 7.3). These
greener precursors have been found to be effective, economical and ecologically
viable for producing C-dots with optimized photoluminescence activities. The
bio-inspired synthetic methods have provided a direct control over the optical
properties of C-dots. The quantum yield of obtained C-dots is found to be quite
172
S. Chaudhary and P. Chauhan
C-dots have made them one of the important advanced materials in environmental
science (Kaur et al. 2019; Jang et al. 2019). The existence of size in range of
1–10 nm with sp
2 graphitic carbon and non-toxic nature has made C-dots as one
of the potential contenders for waste water management. The current chapter deals
with the role of C-dots synthesized via using biocompatible methods in dye removal
activities. The distinguishing photophysical properties of C-dots will be discussed in
terms of innovative creation of strong materials for producing viable environment
(Sahoo et al. 2019; Saud et al. 2015). The application of waste biomass for the
production of C-dots concept in this chapter has further encouraged an upcoming
opportunity for sustainable existence where waste biomass is converted into new ad
advanced material for the maintenance of healthy environment.
7.6
Bio-Inspired Synthesis of C-Dots
The potential application of C-dots has made them one of the probable candidates in
environmental remediation activities. The past 15 years have witnessed a huge
progress in the field of exploring better and effective methods for the preparation
of C-dots with optimized properties (Fan et al. 2020; Pal et al. 2018). Commonly, the
fabrication of C-dots can be achieved by employing top down or bottom up
approaches (Mohideen et al. 2020). Conventionally, arc discharge, laser ablation,
hydrothermal methods are employed for converting large sized activated carbon
sources to small nanodots with size in the range of 1–10 nm (Ridha et al. 2019;
Huang et al. 2014). The application of carbonaceous materials has also documented
in literature for preparing C-dots (Fig. 7.3).
The main disadvantage associated with the old methodologies is the low yield of
the prepared particles with limited aqueous solubility. Additionally, the surface
modification of C-dots has somehow overcome the solubility issue associated with
C-dots (Zheng et al. 2019). Currently, the usage of bio-inspired methodologies has
gathered much awareness among the researchers for fabricating size-controlled
C-dots with high quantum yield and enhanced water solubility. Under,
bio-inspired approach, biocompatible, greener and sustainable resources of carbon
have been employed for generating size-controlled particles with optimized optical
and photoluminescence properties (Mehta et al. 2019; Zheng et al. 2019). Currently,
the bio-dots of carbon synthesized by using the natural biomolecules and waste
biomass have displayed efficient fluorophore properties in sensing of harmful toxins
(Liu et al. 2017; Shen and Xia 2014). The literature has witnessed the wide variety of
natural resources including seeds, plants, eggs, leaves, rotten vegetables, fruit juices,
animal waste, coconut coir, fruits peels, coffee seeds, orange, lenticels, amino acids
bio-hazard waste as a starting material for fabricating C-dots (Table 7.3). These
greener precursors have been found to be effective, economical and ecologically
viable for producing C-dots with optimized photoluminescence activities. The
bio-inspired synthetic methods have provided a direct control over the optical
properties of C-dots. The quantum yield of obtained C-dots is found to be quite
172
S. Chaudhary and P. Chauhan