• Development of sensory devices for the environmental containments.
The fabrication of nanomaterials has been done depending on the nature of
chemical substance which needs to be eliminated from the waste resources. The
selectivity of prepared nanomaterials has made them effective for the detection of
harmful toxins with higher detection limits. The nano-based methodology for waste
water treatment has provided the sustainable and incorporated approach for the water
management and attained a secure position for accomplishing water security (Turan
et al. 2019). The nano particles with dimension as small as 10
À9 m have produced
drastic variations in the physicochemical properties of materials as compared to
bulk. For instance, semiconducting or metallic nanomaterials have attained higher
surface-to-volume ratio in comparison to their bulk counterparts (Nehila et al. 2008;
Kida et al. 2013). The attained mechanical, electrical, thermal, magnetic and optical
properties of nanomaterials are quite distinctive from their macroscopic equivalents.
The size dependent properties of nanomaterials are mainly achievable due to the
presence of higher number of molecules at nano-scale (Trachioti et al. 2019; Falco
et al. 2018; Sharma et al. 2018; Chaudhary et al. 2019).
In current era, scientists have employed the advanced nanotechnology for the
treatment of waste water resources. Researchers have observed that the application
of nanomaterials in water treatment has not required the expensive means for
treatment (Chaudhary et al. 2016a, c; Kim et al. 2017). Therefore, using the chemical
processing such as adsorption, photocatalysis and coagulating membranes with
nanotechnology has opened a new window for the waste water treatment with
high efficiency and low-cost processing. The toxic impact of harmful chemicals
during the waste treatment has also been minimized by using the application of
advanced nanomaterials in waste management. In addition, for maintaining and
resolving the environmental related issues in minimum steps without employing
excessive external energy, nanotechnology is well competent and advanced that can
remove all toxins from the ecosystem. The low dosage amount of material should be
required for the toxin removal without any toxic impact over the living flora and
fauna (Bahrami et al. 2017; Chaudhary et al. 2016a, c; Wilkinson et al. 2011). The
presence of high surface-to-volume ratio with advanced adsorption abilities made
nanomaterials as effective material for removing toxin via adsorption process. In
addition, the adsorption properties of nanomaterials have been tuned in on the basis
of the available containment resources in waste water. Such as modification of
surface of nanomaterials have been done for the better interaction of metal-based
containments with nanomaterials. The advanced optical and photoluminescence
properties of nanomaterials have made them one of the potential candidates for the
development of chemo-luminescence sensor for diverse range of harmful organic
compounds (Corsi et al. 2018; Ibrahim et al. 2016). Moreover, these practices often
overcome the major issues of efficiency, and easy processing means without using
the non-explicabilities of complicated methods for their economical viability.
Out of diverse range of available nanomaterials, the quantum dots based on
carbon, i.e. carbon dots (C-dots) have gathered considerable attention among the
researchers in the field of environmental remediation application. The advanced size
7 Emerging Potential of Nano-Based Techniques for Dye Removal
171
The fabrication of nanomaterials has been done depending on the nature of
chemical substance which needs to be eliminated from the waste resources. The
selectivity of prepared nanomaterials has made them effective for the detection of
harmful toxins with higher detection limits. The nano-based methodology for waste
water treatment has provided the sustainable and incorporated approach for the water
management and attained a secure position for accomplishing water security (Turan
et al. 2019). The nano particles with dimension as small as 10
À9 m have produced
drastic variations in the physicochemical properties of materials as compared to
bulk. For instance, semiconducting or metallic nanomaterials have attained higher
surface-to-volume ratio in comparison to their bulk counterparts (Nehila et al. 2008;
Kida et al. 2013). The attained mechanical, electrical, thermal, magnetic and optical
properties of nanomaterials are quite distinctive from their macroscopic equivalents.
The size dependent properties of nanomaterials are mainly achievable due to the
presence of higher number of molecules at nano-scale (Trachioti et al. 2019; Falco
et al. 2018; Sharma et al. 2018; Chaudhary et al. 2019).
In current era, scientists have employed the advanced nanotechnology for the
treatment of waste water resources. Researchers have observed that the application
of nanomaterials in water treatment has not required the expensive means for
treatment (Chaudhary et al. 2016a, c; Kim et al. 2017). Therefore, using the chemical
processing such as adsorption, photocatalysis and coagulating membranes with
nanotechnology has opened a new window for the waste water treatment with
high efficiency and low-cost processing. The toxic impact of harmful chemicals
during the waste treatment has also been minimized by using the application of
advanced nanomaterials in waste management. In addition, for maintaining and
resolving the environmental related issues in minimum steps without employing
excessive external energy, nanotechnology is well competent and advanced that can
remove all toxins from the ecosystem. The low dosage amount of material should be
required for the toxin removal without any toxic impact over the living flora and
fauna (Bahrami et al. 2017; Chaudhary et al. 2016a, c; Wilkinson et al. 2011). The
presence of high surface-to-volume ratio with advanced adsorption abilities made
nanomaterials as effective material for removing toxin via adsorption process. In
addition, the adsorption properties of nanomaterials have been tuned in on the basis
of the available containment resources in waste water. Such as modification of
surface of nanomaterials have been done for the better interaction of metal-based
containments with nanomaterials. The advanced optical and photoluminescence
properties of nanomaterials have made them one of the potential candidates for the
development of chemo-luminescence sensor for diverse range of harmful organic
compounds (Corsi et al. 2018; Ibrahim et al. 2016). Moreover, these practices often
overcome the major issues of efficiency, and easy processing means without using
the non-explicabilities of complicated methods for their economical viability.
Out of diverse range of available nanomaterials, the quantum dots based on
carbon, i.e. carbon dots (C-dots) have gathered considerable attention among the
researchers in the field of environmental remediation application. The advanced size
7 Emerging Potential of Nano-Based Techniques for Dye Removal
171