186
L. Brown et al.
16. Brown L, Earle MJ, Gîlea MA, Plechkova NV, Seddon KR (2017) Ionic liquid–liquid chromatography: a new general purpose separation methodology. Top Curr Chem 375:74. https://
doi.org/10.1007/s41061-017-0159-y
17. Ito Y, Conway W (1986) High-speed countercurrent chromatography. Crit Rev Anal Chem
17:65. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408348608542792
18. Ito Y, Bowman RL (1970) Countercurrent chromatography: liquid-liquid partition chromatography without solid support. Science 167:281. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.167.
3916.281
19. Rubio N, Ignatova S, Minguillón C, Sutherland IA (2009) Multiple dual-mode countercurrent
chromatography applied to chiral separations using a (S)-naproxen derivative as chiral selector.
J Chromatogr A 1216:8505. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2009.10.006
20. Ito Y (1996) High-speed countercurrent chromatography. In: Chemical analysis, vol 132 (eds:
Ito Y, Conway WD). Wiley, New York, p 3
21. Ito Y, Weinstein M, Aoki I, Harada R, Kimura E, Nunogaki K (1966) The coil planet centrifuge.
Nature 212:985. https://doi.org/10.1038/212985a0
22. Ito Y, Bowman RL (1970) Countercurrent chromatography: liquid-liquid partition chromatography without solid support. J Chromatogr Sci 8:315. https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/8.
6.315
23. Ignatova S, Hawes D, van den Heuvel R, Hewitson P, Sutherland IA (2010) A new nonsynchronous preparative counter-current centrifuge—the next generation of dynamic extraction/chromatography devices with independent mixing and settling control, which offer a step
change in efficiency. J Chromatogr A 1217:34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2009.10.055
24. Sutherland IA, Heywood-Waddington D, Ito Y (1987) Counter-current chromatography: applications to the separation of biopolymers, organelles and cells using either aqueous—organic
or aqueous—aqueous phase systems. J Chromatogr 384:197. https://doi.org/10.1016/s00219673(01)94671-0
25. Margraff R, Intes O, Renault JH, Garret P (2005) Partitron 25, a multi-purpose industrial
centrifugal partition chromatograph: rotor design and preliminary results on efficiency and
stationary phase retention. J Liq Chromatogr Relat Technol 28:1893 https://doi.org/10.1081/
jlc-200063539
26. a: Earle M, Seddon K (2013) Ionic liquid separations WO2013121219A1; b: Earle
MJ, Gilea MA (2013) Lentinan extraction process from mushrooms using ionic liquid WO2013140185A1; c: Earle MJ, Seddon KR (2013) Ionic liquid separations
WO2013121220A1
27. Earle MJ, Seddon KR (2000) Ionic liquids. Green solvents for the future. Pure Appl Chem
72:1391. https://doi.org/10.1351/pac200072071391
28. Reichardt C, Welton T (2011) Solvents and solvent effects in organic chemistry, 4th edn.
Wiley-VCH, Weinheim
29. Earle MJ, Esperança JMSS, Gilea MA, Canongia Lopes JN, Rebelo LPN, Magee JW, Seddon
KR, Widegren JA (2006) The distillation and volatility of ionic liquids. Nature 439:831. https://
doi.org/10.1038/nature04451
30. Petkovic M, Seddon KR, Rebelo LPN, Silva Pereira C (2011) Ionic liquids: a pathway to
environmental acceptability. Chem Soc Rev 40:1383. http://doi.org/10.1039/c004968a
31. Carmichael AJ, Earle MJ, Holbrey JD, McCormac PB, Seddon KR (1999) The Heck reaction in
ionic liquids: a multiphasic catalyst system. Org Lett 1:997. https://doi.org/10.1021/ol9907771
32. Keim W, Korth W, Wasserscheid P (2000) Ionic liquids, WO/2000/016902
33. Arce A, Earle MJ, Rodríguez H, Seddon KR (2007) Separation of benzene and hexane by solvent extraction with 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium bis{(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl}amide ionic
liquids: effect of the alkyl-substituent length. J Phys Chem B 111:4732. https://doi.org/10.
1021/jp066377u
34. Berthod A, Carda-Broch S (2003) A new class of solvents for CCC: the room temperature ionic
liquids. J Liq Chromatogr Relat Technol 26:1493. https://doi.org/10.1081/jlc-120021262
35. Berthod A, Maryutina T, Spivakov B, Shpigun O, Sutherland IA (2009) Countercurrent chromatography in analytical chemistry (IUPAC technical report). Pure Appl Chem 81:355. https://
doi.org/10.1351/pac-rep-08-06-05
L. Brown et al.
16. Brown L, Earle MJ, Gîlea MA, Plechkova NV, Seddon KR (2017) Ionic liquid–liquid chromatography: a new general purpose separation methodology. Top Curr Chem 375:74. https://
doi.org/10.1007/s41061-017-0159-y
17. Ito Y, Conway W (1986) High-speed countercurrent chromatography. Crit Rev Anal Chem
17:65. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408348608542792
18. Ito Y, Bowman RL (1970) Countercurrent chromatography: liquid-liquid partition chromatography without solid support. Science 167:281. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.167.
3916.281
19. Rubio N, Ignatova S, Minguillón C, Sutherland IA (2009) Multiple dual-mode countercurrent
chromatography applied to chiral separations using a (S)-naproxen derivative as chiral selector.
J Chromatogr A 1216:8505. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2009.10.006
20. Ito Y (1996) High-speed countercurrent chromatography. In: Chemical analysis, vol 132 (eds:
Ito Y, Conway WD). Wiley, New York, p 3
21. Ito Y, Weinstein M, Aoki I, Harada R, Kimura E, Nunogaki K (1966) The coil planet centrifuge.
Nature 212:985. https://doi.org/10.1038/212985a0
22. Ito Y, Bowman RL (1970) Countercurrent chromatography: liquid-liquid partition chromatography without solid support. J Chromatogr Sci 8:315. https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/8.
6.315
23. Ignatova S, Hawes D, van den Heuvel R, Hewitson P, Sutherland IA (2010) A new nonsynchronous preparative counter-current centrifuge—the next generation of dynamic extraction/chromatography devices with independent mixing and settling control, which offer a step
change in efficiency. J Chromatogr A 1217:34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2009.10.055
24. Sutherland IA, Heywood-Waddington D, Ito Y (1987) Counter-current chromatography: applications to the separation of biopolymers, organelles and cells using either aqueous—organic
or aqueous—aqueous phase systems. J Chromatogr 384:197. https://doi.org/10.1016/s00219673(01)94671-0
25. Margraff R, Intes O, Renault JH, Garret P (2005) Partitron 25, a multi-purpose industrial
centrifugal partition chromatograph: rotor design and preliminary results on efficiency and
stationary phase retention. J Liq Chromatogr Relat Technol 28:1893 https://doi.org/10.1081/
jlc-200063539
26. a: Earle M, Seddon K (2013) Ionic liquid separations WO2013121219A1; b: Earle
MJ, Gilea MA (2013) Lentinan extraction process from mushrooms using ionic liquid WO2013140185A1; c: Earle MJ, Seddon KR (2013) Ionic liquid separations
WO2013121220A1
27. Earle MJ, Seddon KR (2000) Ionic liquids. Green solvents for the future. Pure Appl Chem
72:1391. https://doi.org/10.1351/pac200072071391
28. Reichardt C, Welton T (2011) Solvents and solvent effects in organic chemistry, 4th edn.
Wiley-VCH, Weinheim
29. Earle MJ, Esperança JMSS, Gilea MA, Canongia Lopes JN, Rebelo LPN, Magee JW, Seddon
KR, Widegren JA (2006) The distillation and volatility of ionic liquids. Nature 439:831. https://
doi.org/10.1038/nature04451
30. Petkovic M, Seddon KR, Rebelo LPN, Silva Pereira C (2011) Ionic liquids: a pathway to
environmental acceptability. Chem Soc Rev 40:1383. http://doi.org/10.1039/c004968a
31. Carmichael AJ, Earle MJ, Holbrey JD, McCormac PB, Seddon KR (1999) The Heck reaction in
ionic liquids: a multiphasic catalyst system. Org Lett 1:997. https://doi.org/10.1021/ol9907771
32. Keim W, Korth W, Wasserscheid P (2000) Ionic liquids, WO/2000/016902
33. Arce A, Earle MJ, Rodríguez H, Seddon KR (2007) Separation of benzene and hexane by solvent extraction with 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium bis{(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl}amide ionic
liquids: effect of the alkyl-substituent length. J Phys Chem B 111:4732. https://doi.org/10.
1021/jp066377u
34. Berthod A, Carda-Broch S (2003) A new class of solvents for CCC: the room temperature ionic
liquids. J Liq Chromatogr Relat Technol 26:1493. https://doi.org/10.1081/jlc-120021262
35. Berthod A, Maryutina T, Spivakov B, Shpigun O, Sutherland IA (2009) Countercurrent chromatography in analytical chemistry (IUPAC technical report). Pure Appl Chem 81:355. https://
doi.org/10.1351/pac-rep-08-06-05