5 Commercial Aspects of Biomass Deconstruction with Ionic Liquids
123
77. Fukaya Y, Hayashi K, Wada M, Ohno H (2008) Cellulose dissolution with polar ionic liquids
under mild conditions: required factors for anions. Green Chem 10:44–46. https://doi.org/10.
1039/B713289A
78. Fukaya Y, Sugimoto A, Ohno H (2006) Superior solubility of polysaccharides in low viscosity,
polar and halogen-free 1,3-dialkylimidazolium formates. Biomacromol 7:3295–3297. https://
doi.org/10.1021/bm060327d
79. Liu H, Sale KL, Holmes BM, Simmons BA, Singh S (2010) Understanding the interactions
of cellulose with ionic liquids: a molecular dynamics study. J Phys Chem B 114:4293–4301.
https://doi.org/10.1021/jp9117437
80. Ab Rani MA, Brant A, Crowhurst L, Dolan A, Lui M, Hassan NH, Hallett JP, Hunt PA,
Niedermeyer H, Perez-Arlandis JM, Schrems M (2011) Understanding the polarity of ionic
liquids. Phys Chem Chem Phys 13:16831–16840. https://doi.org/10.1039/c1cp21262a
81. Rosatella AA, Afonso CAM (2015) The dissolution of biomass in ionic liquids towards pretreatment approach. In: Bogel-Lukasik R (Ed.) Ionic liquids in the biorefinery concept, RSC
Green Chemistry No. 36, The Royal Society of Chemistry, pp 38–64. https://doi.org/10.1039/
9781782622598-00038
82. Upfal J, MacFarlane DR, Forsyth SA (2007) Solvents for use in the treatment of lignincontaining materials. US patent application no 2007/0215300A1
83. Varanasi S, Schall CA, Dadi AP, Anderson J, Rao K, Kumar G, Paripati P (2011) Biomass
pretreatment. US patent no 8,030,030
84. Lee SH, Doherty TV, Linhardt RJ, Dordick JS (2009) Ionic liquid-mediated selective extraction of lignin from wood leading to enhanced enzymatic cellulose hydrolysis. Biotechnol
Bioeng 102:1368–1376. https://doi.org/10.1002/bit.22179
85. Pu Y, Jiang N, Ragauskas AJ (2007) Ionic liquid as a green solvent for lignin. J Wood Chem
Technol 27:23–33. https://doi.org/10.1080/02773810701282330
86. Tan SS, MacFarlane DR, Upfal J, Edye LA, Doherty WOS, Patti AF, Pringle JM, Scott JL
(2009) Extraction of lignin from lignocellulose at atmospheric pressure using alkylbenzenesulfonate ionic liquid. Green Chem 11:339–345. https://doi.org/10.1039/b815310h
87. Brandt A, Ray MJ, To TQ, Leak DJ, Murphy RJ (2011) Ionic liquid pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass with ionic liquid–water mixtures. Green Chem 13:2489–2499. https://doi.
org/10.1039/c1gc15374a
88. Brandt-Talbot A, Murphy RJ, Leak DJ, Welton T, Hallett J (2017) Treatment of biomass to
dissolve lignin with ionic liquid. US patent no 9,765,478
89. Sheldon R (2001) Catalytic reactions in ionic liquids. Chem Commun 2399–2407. https://
doi.org/10.1039/B107270F
90. Supap T, Idem R, Tontiwachwuthikul P (2011) Mechanism of formation of heat stable salts
(HSSs) and their roles in further degradation of monoethanolamine during CO 2 capture from
flue gas streams. Energy Procedia 4:591–598. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2011.01.093
91. Axelsson L, Franzén M, Ostwald M, Berndes G, Lakshmi G, Ravidranath NH (2012) Perspective: Jatropha cultivation in southern India: assessing farmers’ experiences. Biofuels Bioprod
Biorefining 6:246–256. https://doi.org/10.1002/bbb.1324
92. Fox DM, Awad WH, Gilman JW, Maupin PH, De Long HC, Trulove PC (2003) Flammability,
thermal stability, and phase change characteristics of several trialkylimidazolium salts. Green
Chem 5:724–727. https://doi.org/10.1039/B308444B
93. Cao Y, Mu T (2014) Comprehensive investigation on the thermal stability of 66 ionic liquids
by thermogravimetric analysis. Ind Eng Chem Res 53:8651–8664. https://doi.org/10.1021/
ie5009597
94. Chiaramonti D, Prussi M, Ferrero S, Oriani L, Ottonello P, Torre P, Cherchi F (2012) Review
of pretreatment processes for lignocellulosic ethanol production, and development of an innovative method. Biomass Bioenerg 46:25–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2012.04.020
95. Subramaniam B, Helling RK, Bode CJ (2016) Quantitative sustainability analysis: a powerful
tool to develop resource-efficient catalytic technologies. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 4:5859–
5865. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.6b01571
123
77. Fukaya Y, Hayashi K, Wada M, Ohno H (2008) Cellulose dissolution with polar ionic liquids
under mild conditions: required factors for anions. Green Chem 10:44–46. https://doi.org/10.
1039/B713289A
78. Fukaya Y, Sugimoto A, Ohno H (2006) Superior solubility of polysaccharides in low viscosity,
polar and halogen-free 1,3-dialkylimidazolium formates. Biomacromol 7:3295–3297. https://
doi.org/10.1021/bm060327d
79. Liu H, Sale KL, Holmes BM, Simmons BA, Singh S (2010) Understanding the interactions
of cellulose with ionic liquids: a molecular dynamics study. J Phys Chem B 114:4293–4301.
https://doi.org/10.1021/jp9117437
80. Ab Rani MA, Brant A, Crowhurst L, Dolan A, Lui M, Hassan NH, Hallett JP, Hunt PA,
Niedermeyer H, Perez-Arlandis JM, Schrems M (2011) Understanding the polarity of ionic
liquids. Phys Chem Chem Phys 13:16831–16840. https://doi.org/10.1039/c1cp21262a
81. Rosatella AA, Afonso CAM (2015) The dissolution of biomass in ionic liquids towards pretreatment approach. In: Bogel-Lukasik R (Ed.) Ionic liquids in the biorefinery concept, RSC
Green Chemistry No. 36, The Royal Society of Chemistry, pp 38–64. https://doi.org/10.1039/
9781782622598-00038
82. Upfal J, MacFarlane DR, Forsyth SA (2007) Solvents for use in the treatment of lignincontaining materials. US patent application no 2007/0215300A1
83. Varanasi S, Schall CA, Dadi AP, Anderson J, Rao K, Kumar G, Paripati P (2011) Biomass
pretreatment. US patent no 8,030,030
84. Lee SH, Doherty TV, Linhardt RJ, Dordick JS (2009) Ionic liquid-mediated selective extraction of lignin from wood leading to enhanced enzymatic cellulose hydrolysis. Biotechnol
Bioeng 102:1368–1376. https://doi.org/10.1002/bit.22179
85. Pu Y, Jiang N, Ragauskas AJ (2007) Ionic liquid as a green solvent for lignin. J Wood Chem
Technol 27:23–33. https://doi.org/10.1080/02773810701282330
86. Tan SS, MacFarlane DR, Upfal J, Edye LA, Doherty WOS, Patti AF, Pringle JM, Scott JL
(2009) Extraction of lignin from lignocellulose at atmospheric pressure using alkylbenzenesulfonate ionic liquid. Green Chem 11:339–345. https://doi.org/10.1039/b815310h
87. Brandt A, Ray MJ, To TQ, Leak DJ, Murphy RJ (2011) Ionic liquid pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass with ionic liquid–water mixtures. Green Chem 13:2489–2499. https://doi.
org/10.1039/c1gc15374a
88. Brandt-Talbot A, Murphy RJ, Leak DJ, Welton T, Hallett J (2017) Treatment of biomass to
dissolve lignin with ionic liquid. US patent no 9,765,478
89. Sheldon R (2001) Catalytic reactions in ionic liquids. Chem Commun 2399–2407. https://
doi.org/10.1039/B107270F
90. Supap T, Idem R, Tontiwachwuthikul P (2011) Mechanism of formation of heat stable salts
(HSSs) and their roles in further degradation of monoethanolamine during CO 2 capture from
flue gas streams. Energy Procedia 4:591–598. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2011.01.093
91. Axelsson L, Franzén M, Ostwald M, Berndes G, Lakshmi G, Ravidranath NH (2012) Perspective: Jatropha cultivation in southern India: assessing farmers’ experiences. Biofuels Bioprod
Biorefining 6:246–256. https://doi.org/10.1002/bbb.1324
92. Fox DM, Awad WH, Gilman JW, Maupin PH, De Long HC, Trulove PC (2003) Flammability,
thermal stability, and phase change characteristics of several trialkylimidazolium salts. Green
Chem 5:724–727. https://doi.org/10.1039/B308444B
93. Cao Y, Mu T (2014) Comprehensive investigation on the thermal stability of 66 ionic liquids
by thermogravimetric analysis. Ind Eng Chem Res 53:8651–8664. https://doi.org/10.1021/
ie5009597
94. Chiaramonti D, Prussi M, Ferrero S, Oriani L, Ottonello P, Torre P, Cherchi F (2012) Review
of pretreatment processes for lignocellulosic ethanol production, and development of an innovative method. Biomass Bioenerg 46:25–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2012.04.020
95. Subramaniam B, Helling RK, Bode CJ (2016) Quantitative sustainability analysis: a powerful
tool to develop resource-efficient catalytic technologies. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 4:5859–
5865. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.6b01571