84
In the photon element, the I–V equation joins the I–V curves of every cell in the
photonic radiation panel. The V–R correlation at the section is governed by
V
IR K
I I I
I
= −
+
− +






S
L
o
o
log
,
(5.4)
where V mo and I mo are the voltage and current in the PV panel, respectively, and K is
a constant AkT q
/
(
) . Consequently, the link between I mo and V mo is the same as the
I–V correlation in the PV cell:
V
I R
K
I
I
I
I
mo
mo Smo
m o
Lmo
m o
o mo
omo
= −
+
−
+






log
,
(5.5)
whereby R Smo is the series resistance, I omo symbolizes the induced current into the
diode, I Lmo symbolizes the photon-produced current, and K mo is a constant. Once the
resistances of all non-series (Ns) cells are arranged in series, the constant is
Fig. 5.2 I–V feathers of a single-diode cooling state: (a) Curtain wall at the indirect and direct
photon gap state. (b) Curtain wall under energy mode. (c) Current density formation in the curtain
wall by helium (He)-aided point breaks
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