464
Photocatalysis (cont.)
Purifics Photo-Cat™ system, 252
recalcitrant organic compounds, 249
SODIS system, 252
sustainable water treatment
technology, 252
TiO 2 photocatalyst optimization, 250
Photocatalyst modification and doping,
272, 275
Photocatalyst particles, 275
Photocatalytic membrane (PMs), 272
Photocatalytic membrane reactors
(PMRs), 276–278
See also Photocatalytic reactors
Photocatalytic nanoparticle-incorporated
membranes, 247
Photocatalytic oxidation, 249
Photocatalytic reaction kinetics, 249
Photocatalytic reactors
configurations, 275
direct photon utilization, 275
hybrid photocatalysis-MD process, 278
hybrid photocatalytic-membrane reactor
system, 276
MD, 278
MF membrane, 277
operational parameters (see Operational
parameters, photocatalytic reactors)
organophilic membrane, 277
parabolic light deflectors, 275
pervaporation, 277
photocatalyst particles, 275, 277
photocatalysts, 277
Photo-Cat™ system, 278, 279
photooxidation efficiency, 277
PMRs, 276
retentate TiO 2 stream, 279
slurry-type, 275
submerged membrane, 276
types, 275
water treatment, 275
water-phase degradation, 277
Photocatalytic water treatment technology
adsorption/coagulation, 262
AOPs, 262
challenges, 269, 270
chlorination, 262
clean water shortage, 261
commercialization, 305
contaminants, 285, 286
conventional water treatment
methods, 262
environmental friendly, 261
features, 262
kinetics and modeling (see Kinetics and
modeling)
LCA, 303–305
light intensity, 287, 288
light wavelength, 286, 287
mesoporous clays, 270
nanofibers, 271
nanorods, 271, 272
nanowires, 271
nonbiodegradable water-soluble
pollutants, 305
particle agglomeration, 263
photocatalyst modification and doping,
272, 275
photocatalytic reactors (see Photocatalytic
reactors)
photo-disinfection, 261, 263
photomineralization, 261, 263
photoreactor operation parameters, 261
pilot plant investigations, 306
PMs, 272
rainwater storage, 261
recalcitrant organics, 305
response surface analysis, 289
ROS, 262
semiconductor catalysts, 262
solar energy, 306
stand-alone treatment system, 305
sustainable treatment technology, 261
technical constraints, 305
TiO 2 , 262
TiO 2 crystal deposite, clay materials, 271
TiO 2 nanowire membrane, 273
TiO 2 photocatalysis (see TiO 2
photocatalysis)
UV light/solar, 305
water industries, 261
Photo-Cat™ system, 278, 279
Photocurrent density, 450
Photocurrent electrolysis, 450
Photocurrents, 110
Photo-disinfection kinetics
catalyst–bacterium interaction, 298
C–W model, 293, 294, 296
Degussa P-25 TiO 2 , 294
demand-free condition, 293
E. coli cells vs. catalyst agglomerates, 298
Hom model, 294–296
inactivation regions, 294
L–H model, 298
mechanistic models, 296, 297
microbial cell, 296
microorganisms, 296, 297
oxidation products, 298
Index
Photocatalysis (cont.)
Purifics Photo-Cat™ system, 252
recalcitrant organic compounds, 249
SODIS system, 252
sustainable water treatment
technology, 252
TiO 2 photocatalyst optimization, 250
Photocatalyst modification and doping,
272, 275
Photocatalyst particles, 275
Photocatalytic membrane (PMs), 272
Photocatalytic membrane reactors
(PMRs), 276–278
See also Photocatalytic reactors
Photocatalytic nanoparticle-incorporated
membranes, 247
Photocatalytic oxidation, 249
Photocatalytic reaction kinetics, 249
Photocatalytic reactors
configurations, 275
direct photon utilization, 275
hybrid photocatalysis-MD process, 278
hybrid photocatalytic-membrane reactor
system, 276
MD, 278
MF membrane, 277
operational parameters (see Operational
parameters, photocatalytic reactors)
organophilic membrane, 277
parabolic light deflectors, 275
pervaporation, 277
photocatalyst particles, 275, 277
photocatalysts, 277
Photo-Cat™ system, 278, 279
photooxidation efficiency, 277
PMRs, 276
retentate TiO 2 stream, 279
slurry-type, 275
submerged membrane, 276
types, 275
water treatment, 275
water-phase degradation, 277
Photocatalytic water treatment technology
adsorption/coagulation, 262
AOPs, 262
challenges, 269, 270
chlorination, 262
clean water shortage, 261
commercialization, 305
contaminants, 285, 286
conventional water treatment
methods, 262
environmental friendly, 261
features, 262
kinetics and modeling (see Kinetics and
modeling)
LCA, 303–305
light intensity, 287, 288
light wavelength, 286, 287
mesoporous clays, 270
nanofibers, 271
nanorods, 271, 272
nanowires, 271
nonbiodegradable water-soluble
pollutants, 305
particle agglomeration, 263
photocatalyst modification and doping,
272, 275
photocatalytic reactors (see Photocatalytic
reactors)
photo-disinfection, 261, 263
photomineralization, 261, 263
photoreactor operation parameters, 261
pilot plant investigations, 306
PMs, 272
rainwater storage, 261
recalcitrant organics, 305
response surface analysis, 289
ROS, 262
semiconductor catalysts, 262
solar energy, 306
stand-alone treatment system, 305
sustainable treatment technology, 261
technical constraints, 305
TiO 2 , 262
TiO 2 crystal deposite, clay materials, 271
TiO 2 nanowire membrane, 273
TiO 2 photocatalysis (see TiO 2
photocatalysis)
UV light/solar, 305
water industries, 261
Photo-Cat™ system, 278, 279
Photocurrent density, 450
Photocurrent electrolysis, 450
Photocurrents, 110
Photo-disinfection kinetics
catalyst–bacterium interaction, 298
C–W model, 293, 294, 296
Degussa P-25 TiO 2 , 294
demand-free condition, 293
E. coli cells vs. catalyst agglomerates, 298
Hom model, 294–296
inactivation regions, 294
L–H model, 298
mechanistic models, 296, 297
microbial cell, 296
microorganisms, 296, 297
oxidation products, 298
Index