20
where
I
I
T
T
E
AK T T
rs
rr
r
G
r
§
©
¨
·
¹
¸
§
©
¨
·
¹
¸
ª
¬
«
«
º
¼
»
»
3
1 1
exp
(2.6)
Hence, in Eqs. (2.5) and (2.6), q denotes the electron charge (1.6 × 10
−19
C), K
denotes the Boltzmann’s constant, A denotes the diode standardized efficiency, and
T denotes the earth temperature (K). Accordingly, IR s denotes the earth surface
reverse current motion at T, where T r denotes the earth condition temperature, I rr
denotes the reverse current at T r , and E G denotes the photonic bandgap energy of the
superconductor utilized for the earth surface. Thus, the photonic current I ph will be
generated in accordance with the earth surface temperature and radiation condition
which can be expressed by
I
I
k T T
S
i
ph
SCR
r
ª
¬
«
º
¼
»
100
(2.7)
Here, I SCR denotes the current motion considering the optimum temperature of
the earth and solar radiation dynamic on the earth surface, k i denotes the shortcircuited current motion, and S denotes the solar radiation calculation in a unit area
(mW/cm
2
). Subsequently, the I–V features of the earth surface shall be deformed
from the conceptual model of the circuit which can be expressed by the following
equation:
I I
I
ph
D
(2.8)
I I
I
q V R I
AKT
§
©
¨ ¨
·
¹
¸ ¸
ª
¬
«
«
º
¼
»
»
ph
s
0
1
exp
(2.9)
I ph denotes the photonic current dynamic (A), I D denotes the diode-originated
current dynamic (A), I 0 denotes the inversed current dynamic (A), A denotes the
diode-induced constant, q denotes the charge of the electron (1.6 × 10
−19
C), K
denotes Boltzmann’s constant, T denotes the earth temperature (°C), R s denotes the
series resistance (ohm), R sh denotes the shunt resistance (Ohm), I denotes the cell
current motion (A), and V denotes the earth voltage motion (V). Therefore, the net
current flow into the earth surface can be determined by conducting the following
equation:
I I
I
V IR
R
§
©
¨
·
¹
¸
pv
D
s
sh
1
(2.10)
2 Solar Energy
where
I
I
T
T
E
AK T T
rs
rr
r
G
r
§
©
¨
·
¹
¸
§
©
¨
·
¹
¸
ª
¬
«
«
º
¼
»
»
3
1 1
exp
(2.6)
Hence, in Eqs. (2.5) and (2.6), q denotes the electron charge (1.6 × 10
−19
C), K
denotes the Boltzmann’s constant, A denotes the diode standardized efficiency, and
T denotes the earth temperature (K). Accordingly, IR s denotes the earth surface
reverse current motion at T, where T r denotes the earth condition temperature, I rr
denotes the reverse current at T r , and E G denotes the photonic bandgap energy of the
superconductor utilized for the earth surface. Thus, the photonic current I ph will be
generated in accordance with the earth surface temperature and radiation condition
which can be expressed by
I
I
k T T
S
i
ph
SCR
r
ª
¬
«
º
¼
»
100
(2.7)
Here, I SCR denotes the current motion considering the optimum temperature of
the earth and solar radiation dynamic on the earth surface, k i denotes the shortcircuited current motion, and S denotes the solar radiation calculation in a unit area
(mW/cm
2
). Subsequently, the I–V features of the earth surface shall be deformed
from the conceptual model of the circuit which can be expressed by the following
equation:
I I
I
ph
D
(2.8)
I I
I
q V R I
AKT
§
©
¨ ¨
·
¹
¸ ¸
ª
¬
«
«
º
¼
»
»
ph
s
0
1
exp
(2.9)
I ph denotes the photonic current dynamic (A), I D denotes the diode-originated
current dynamic (A), I 0 denotes the inversed current dynamic (A), A denotes the
diode-induced constant, q denotes the charge of the electron (1.6 × 10
−19
C), K
denotes Boltzmann’s constant, T denotes the earth temperature (°C), R s denotes the
series resistance (ohm), R sh denotes the shunt resistance (Ohm), I denotes the cell
current motion (A), and V denotes the earth voltage motion (V). Therefore, the net
current flow into the earth surface can be determined by conducting the following
equation:
I I
I
V IR
R
§
©
¨
·
¹
¸
pv
D
s
sh
1
(2.10)
2 Solar Energy