88
Table 5.2 Example Applications Performed by DART- and DESI-MS
Sample type
Representative analytes & analytical objectives
Human-derived
samples including
feces, saliva,
perspiration, urine,
blood, CSF,
skin, and other
tissues
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and other endogenous and
exogeneous components including: biomarkers of disease; prescription,
over-the-counter, veterinary, illicit and counterfeit drugs; direct detection
of drugs and metabolites in crude or unprocessed body fluids, including
blood, urine, and saliva
Breath, atmosphere Detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
Bricks, building
materials, concrete,
soil …
Surface contaminants including biological residues, environmental
contaminants, drugs and more
Dried (filter paper)
spots prepared from
urine, saliva, blood,
CSF, …
Detection and quantification of endogenous components, biomarkers of
disease, drugs & drug metabolites and toxins
Clothing
Residual toxins, explosives & drugs; detection and identification
of biological fluids and/or stains
Plant tissue analysis
including wood,
bark, seeds, leaves,
…
Species identification/authentication; detection and quantification of
pesticides, herbicides, …
Non-human tissue
and fluid samples
including animal,
birds, insects,
marine organisms
Analysis of endogenous components; contaminants including toxins,
pesticides and other environmental pollutants; species identification;
detection of drugs, including prescription, over-the-counter and
veterinary drugs
Water from various
sources, including
oceans, rivers, lakes,
ponds and drinking
water
Detection of contaminants including toxins, pesticides and other
environmental pollutants; detection of prescription, over-the-counter,
veterinary and illicit drugs
Powders, tablets,
syrups and syringe
contents
Active component analysis/confirmation; presence of by-products of
synthesis and other impurities; detection of counterfeit drugs contains
little or no actual drug content; drugs containing completely different
active agents with potentially adverse/toxic consequences
Biological fluids,
cultures and swabs
Analysis of swabs collected from (any) surface, including culture plates,
the mouth, the skin surface, animals, ….
Currency, airline
boarding passes, …
Detection and identification of drugs of abuse; explosives, detection of
toxic or otherwise dangerous residues on bills.
(continued)
M. W. Duncan
Table 5.2 Example Applications Performed by DART- and DESI-MS
Sample type
Representative analytes & analytical objectives
Human-derived
samples including
feces, saliva,
perspiration, urine,
blood, CSF,
skin, and other
tissues
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and other endogenous and
exogeneous components including: biomarkers of disease; prescription,
over-the-counter, veterinary, illicit and counterfeit drugs; direct detection
of drugs and metabolites in crude or unprocessed body fluids, including
blood, urine, and saliva
Breath, atmosphere Detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
Bricks, building
materials, concrete,
soil …
Surface contaminants including biological residues, environmental
contaminants, drugs and more
Dried (filter paper)
spots prepared from
urine, saliva, blood,
CSF, …
Detection and quantification of endogenous components, biomarkers of
disease, drugs & drug metabolites and toxins
Clothing
Residual toxins, explosives & drugs; detection and identification
of biological fluids and/or stains
Plant tissue analysis
including wood,
bark, seeds, leaves,
…
Species identification/authentication; detection and quantification of
pesticides, herbicides, …
Non-human tissue
and fluid samples
including animal,
birds, insects,
marine organisms
Analysis of endogenous components; contaminants including toxins,
pesticides and other environmental pollutants; species identification;
detection of drugs, including prescription, over-the-counter and
veterinary drugs
Water from various
sources, including
oceans, rivers, lakes,
ponds and drinking
water
Detection of contaminants including toxins, pesticides and other
environmental pollutants; detection of prescription, over-the-counter,
veterinary and illicit drugs
Powders, tablets,
syrups and syringe
contents
Active component analysis/confirmation; presence of by-products of
synthesis and other impurities; detection of counterfeit drugs contains
little or no actual drug content; drugs containing completely different
active agents with potentially adverse/toxic consequences
Biological fluids,
cultures and swabs
Analysis of swabs collected from (any) surface, including culture plates,
the mouth, the skin surface, animals, ….
Currency, airline
boarding passes, …
Detection and identification of drugs of abuse; explosives, detection of
toxic or otherwise dangerous residues on bills.
(continued)
M. W. Duncan