3.4 Cluster Odd–Even Alternation
51
A
B
Fig. 3.10 A The mass spectrum of silver cluster anions produced via a MagS-source (a) and the
spectra after exposure to different quantities of oxygen (b–e). B Calculated molecular orbitals of
Ag 13
–
conservation does not require any spin excitation of the metal counterpart; whereas
for even-electron cluster systems, the spin multiplicity of oxygen is decreased, the
reacting cluster has to follow the spin excitation of the remaining portion to conserve
the total spin. The spin effect will be further demonstrated (see Sect. 5.1).
3.5 Competition of Oxygen Etching Versus Oxygen
Addition
Incorporating ideas from previously published studies, it has been ascertained that
the dominant reaction pathway for anionic aluminium clusters [19, 62] and anionic
cobalt clusters, [25, 62] with oxygen are often subjecting to oxygen-etching effect
[12, 22, 63]. Vanadium is an interesting polyvalent element with several oxidation
states ranging from −1(d
6 ) to + 5(d
0 ), [64] allowing for varying forms of vanadium
oxide compounds. From collision-induced dissociation (CID) of vanadium oxide
clusters, [65] it has been inferred that the V n O m
+,0 species typically consist of stable
dioxide (VO 2 ), trioxide (VO 3 ), and pentoxide (V 2 O 5 ) [66–68].
51
A
B
Fig. 3.10 A The mass spectrum of silver cluster anions produced via a MagS-source (a) and the
spectra after exposure to different quantities of oxygen (b–e). B Calculated molecular orbitals of
Ag 13
–
conservation does not require any spin excitation of the metal counterpart; whereas
for even-electron cluster systems, the spin multiplicity of oxygen is decreased, the
reacting cluster has to follow the spin excitation of the remaining portion to conserve
the total spin. The spin effect will be further demonstrated (see Sect. 5.1).
3.5 Competition of Oxygen Etching Versus Oxygen
Addition
Incorporating ideas from previously published studies, it has been ascertained that
the dominant reaction pathway for anionic aluminium clusters [19, 62] and anionic
cobalt clusters, [25, 62] with oxygen are often subjecting to oxygen-etching effect
[12, 22, 63]. Vanadium is an interesting polyvalent element with several oxidation
states ranging from −1(d
6 ) to + 5(d
0 ), [64] allowing for varying forms of vanadium
oxide compounds. From collision-induced dissociation (CID) of vanadium oxide
clusters, [65] it has been inferred that the V n O m
+,0 species typically consist of stable
dioxide (VO 2 ), trioxide (VO 3 ), and pentoxide (V 2 O 5 ) [66–68].