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80. Monteiro MM, Demarco D (2017) Corona development and the floral nectaries of
Asclepiadeae (Asclepiadoideae, Apocynaceae). Acta Bot Bras 31:420–432. https://doi.org/
10.1590/0102-33062016abb0424
81. Southwick EE (1990) Floral nectar. Am Bee J 130:517–519
82. Galetto L, Bernardello G (2004) Floral nectaries, nectar production dynamics and chemical
composition in six Ipomoea species (Convolvulaceae) in relation to pollinators. Ann Bot
94:269–280. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mch137
83. Neff JL, Simpson BB (2005) Other rewards: oils, resins and gums. In: Dafni A, Kevan PG,
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88. Guerrant EO, Fiedler PL (1981) Flower defenses against nectar-pilferage by ants. Biotropica
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by plant allelochemicals. Chemoecology 4:8–18. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01245891
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org/10.1034/j.1600-0706.2000.910301.x
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92. Ferreres F, Andrade P, Gil MI, Tomás-Barberán FA (1996) Floral nectar phenolics as biochemical markers for the botanical origin of heather honey. Z Lebensm Unters Forsch
202:40–44. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01229682
93. Gil MI, Ferreres F, Ortiz A, Subra E, Tomás-Barberán FA (1995) Plant phenolic metabolites
and floral origin of rosemary honey. J Agric Food Chem 43:2833–2838. https://doi.org/
10.1021/jf00059a012
94. Stevenson PC, Nicolson SW, Wright GA (2017) Plant secondary metabolites in nectar:
impacts on pollinators and ecological functions. Funct Ecol 31:65–75. https://doi.org/
10.1111/1365-2435.12761
95. Nepi M (2017) New perspectives in nectar evolution and ecology: simple alimentary reward or
a complex multiorganism interaction? Acta Agrobot 70:1704. https://doi.org/10.5586/aa.1704
96. Smets EF (1986) Localization and systematic importance of the floral nectaries in the
Magnoliatae (Dicotyledons). Bull Jard Bot Nat Belg 56:51–76. https://doi.org/10.2307/
3667757
97. Smets EF (1988) La presence des ‘nectaria persistentia’ chez les Magnoliophytina (Angiosperms). Candollea 43:709–716
98. Schmid R (1988) Reproductive versus extra-reproductive nectaries – historical perspective and
terminological recommendations. Bot Rev 54:179–232. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02858528
99. Smets EF, Decraene LPR, Caris P, Rudall PJ (2000) Floral nectaries in monocotyledons:
distribution and evolution. In: Wilson KL, Morrison DA (eds) Monocots: systematics and
evolution. CSIRO, Melbourne
744
E. D. Tölke et al.
https://doi.org/10.1023/B:PLAN.0000036373.84579.13
79. Machado SR, Morellato LP, Sajo MG, Oliveira PS (2008) Morphological patterns of extrafloral nectaries in woody plant species of the Brazilian cerrado. Plant Biol 10:660–673. https://
doi.org/10.1111/j.1438-8677.2008.00068.x
80. Monteiro MM, Demarco D (2017) Corona development and the floral nectaries of
Asclepiadeae (Asclepiadoideae, Apocynaceae). Acta Bot Bras 31:420–432. https://doi.org/
10.1590/0102-33062016abb0424
81. Southwick EE (1990) Floral nectar. Am Bee J 130:517–519
82. Galetto L, Bernardello G (2004) Floral nectaries, nectar production dynamics and chemical
composition in six Ipomoea species (Convolvulaceae) in relation to pollinators. Ann Bot
94:269–280. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mch137
83. Neff JL, Simpson BB (2005) Other rewards: oils, resins and gums. In: Dafni A, Kevan PG,
Husbana BC (eds) Practical pollination biology. Enviroquest, Cambridge
84. Vogel S (1971) Pollination of oil-producing flowers by oil-collecting bees.
Naturwissenschaften 58:58
85. Bernardello G, Galetto L, Forcone A (1999) Floral nectar chemical composition of
some species from Patagonia. II. Biochem Syst Ecol 27:779–790. https://doi.org/10.1016/
S0305-1978(99)00029-0
86. Raguso RA (2004) Why are some floral nectars scented? Ecology 85:1486–1494. https://doi.
org/10.1890/03-0410
87. Rering CC, Beck JJ, Hall GW, McCartney MM, Vannette RL (2017) Nectar-inhabiting
microorganisms influence nectar volatile composition and attractiveness to a generalist
pollinator. New Phytol 220:655–658. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.14809
88. Guerrant EO, Fiedler PL (1981) Flower defenses against nectar-pilferage by ants. Biotropica
13:25–33. https://doi.org/10.2307/2388067
89. Detzel A, Wink M (1993) Attraction, deterrence or intoxication of bees (Apis mellifera)
by plant allelochemicals. Chemoecology 4:8–18. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01245891
90. Adler LS (2000) The ecological significance of toxic nectar. Oikos 91:409–420. https://doi.
org/10.1034/j.1600-0706.2000.910301.x
91. Singaravelan N, Nee’man G, Inbar M, Izhaki I (2005) Feeding responses of freeflying
honeybees to secondary compounds mimicking floral nectars. J Chem Ecol 31:2791–2804.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10886-005-8394-z
92. Ferreres F, Andrade P, Gil MI, Tomás-Barberán FA (1996) Floral nectar phenolics as biochemical markers for the botanical origin of heather honey. Z Lebensm Unters Forsch
202:40–44. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01229682
93. Gil MI, Ferreres F, Ortiz A, Subra E, Tomás-Barberán FA (1995) Plant phenolic metabolites
and floral origin of rosemary honey. J Agric Food Chem 43:2833–2838. https://doi.org/
10.1021/jf00059a012
94. Stevenson PC, Nicolson SW, Wright GA (2017) Plant secondary metabolites in nectar:
impacts on pollinators and ecological functions. Funct Ecol 31:65–75. https://doi.org/
10.1111/1365-2435.12761
95. Nepi M (2017) New perspectives in nectar evolution and ecology: simple alimentary reward or
a complex multiorganism interaction? Acta Agrobot 70:1704. https://doi.org/10.5586/aa.1704
96. Smets EF (1986) Localization and systematic importance of the floral nectaries in the
Magnoliatae (Dicotyledons). Bull Jard Bot Nat Belg 56:51–76. https://doi.org/10.2307/
3667757
97. Smets EF (1988) La presence des ‘nectaria persistentia’ chez les Magnoliophytina (Angiosperms). Candollea 43:709–716
98. Schmid R (1988) Reproductive versus extra-reproductive nectaries – historical perspective and
terminological recommendations. Bot Rev 54:179–232. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02858528
99. Smets EF, Decraene LPR, Caris P, Rudall PJ (2000) Floral nectaries in monocotyledons:
distribution and evolution. In: Wilson KL, Morrison DA (eds) Monocots: systematics and
evolution. CSIRO, Melbourne
744
E. D. Tölke et al.