17. Smets EF, Cresens EM (1988) Types of floral nectaries and the concept of “character” and
“character state” – a reconsideration. Acta Bot Neerl 37:121–128. https://doi.org/10.1111/
j.1438-8677.1988.tb01586.x
18. Davis AR, Gunning BES (1992) The modified stomata of the floral nectary of Vicia faba L. I.
Development, anatomy and ultrastructure. Protoplasma 166:134–152. https://doi.org/10.1007/
BF01322777
19. Davis AR, Gunning BES (1993) The modified stomata of the floral nectary of Vicia faba L. III.
Physiological aspects, including comparison with foliar stomata. Bot Acta 106:241–253.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1438-8677.1993.tb00747.x
20. Razem FA, Davis AR (1999) Anatomical and ultrastructural changes of the floral nectary of
Pisum sativum L. during flower development. Protoplasma 206:57–72. https://doi.org/
10.1007/BF01279253
21. Tölke ED, Bachelier JB, Lima EA, Galetto L, Demarco D, Carmello-Guerreiro SM (2018)
Diversity of floral nectary secretions and structure, and implications for their evolution in
Anacardiaceae. Bot J Linn Soc 187:209–231. https://doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/boy016
22. Stpiczyńska M, Davies KL, Gregg A (2003) Nectary structure and nectar secretion in
Maxillaria coccinea (Jacq.) L.O. Williams ex Hodge (Orchidaceae). Ann Bot 93:87–95.
https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mch008
23. Paiva EAS (2016) How do secretory products cross the plant cell wall to be released? A new
hypothesis involving cyclic mechanical actions of the protoplast. Ann Bot 117:533–540.
https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcw012
24. Paiva EAS (2017) How does the nectar of stomata-free nectaries cross the cuticle? Acta Bot
Bras 31:525–530. https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-33062016abb0444
25. Sawidis TH, Eleftheriou EP, Tsekos I (1987) The floral nectaries of Hibiscus rosasinensis. I.
Development of the secretory hairs. Ann Bot 59:643–652
26. Leitão CAE, Meira RMSA, Azevedo AA, Araújo JM, Silva KLFS, Collevatti RG (2005)
Anatomy of the floral, bract and foliar nectaries of Triumfetta semitriloba (Tiliaceae). Can J
Bot 83:279–286. https://doi.org/10.1139/b05-001
27. Leitão CAE, Dolder MAH, Cortelazzo AL (2014) Anatomy and histochemistry of the
nectaries of Rodriguezia venusta (Lindl.) Rchb. f. (Orchidaceae). 209:233–243. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.flora.2014.03.002
28. Gama TSS, Aguiar-Dias ACA, Demarco D (2016) Transfer cells in trichomatous nectary in
Adenocalymma magnificum (Bignoniaceae). An Acad Bras Ciênc 88:527–537. https://doi.org/
10.1590/0001-3765201620140606
29. Machado SR, Souza CV, Guimarães E (2017) A reduced, yet functional, nectary disk integrates a complex system of floral nectar secretion in the genus Zeyheria (Bignoniaceae). Acta
Bot Bras 31:344–357. https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-33062016abb0279
30. Gunning BES, Pate JS (1969) “Transfer cells”: plant cells with wall ingrowths, specialized in
relation to short distance transport of solutes – their occurrence, structure, and development.
Protoplasma 68:107–133. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01247900
31. Sawidis T, Eleftheriou EP, Tsekos I (1989) The floral nectaries of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis III.
A morphometric and ultrastructural approach. Nord J Bot 9:63–71. https://doi.org/10.1111/
j.1756-1051.1989.tb00987.x
32. Horner HT, Healy RA, Ren G, Fritz D, Klyne A, Seames C, Thornburg RW (2007) Amyloplast
to chromoplast conversion in developing ornamental tobacco floral nectaries provides sugar
for nectar and antioxidants for protection. Am J Bot 94:12–24. https://doi.org/10.3732/
ajb.94.1.12
33. Ren G, Healy RA, Klyne AM, Horner HT, James MG, Thornburg RW (2007) Transient starch
metabolism in ornamental tobacco floral nectaries regulates nectar composition and release.
Plant Sci 173:277–290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2007.05.008
34. Paiva EA, Machado SR (2008) The floral nectary of Hymenaea stigonocarpa (Fabaceae,
Caesalpinioideae): structural aspects during floral development. Ann Bot 101:125–133.
https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcm268
28 Diversity of Floral Glands and Their Secretions in Pollinator Attraction
741
“character state” – a reconsideration. Acta Bot Neerl 37:121–128. https://doi.org/10.1111/
j.1438-8677.1988.tb01586.x
18. Davis AR, Gunning BES (1992) The modified stomata of the floral nectary of Vicia faba L. I.
Development, anatomy and ultrastructure. Protoplasma 166:134–152. https://doi.org/10.1007/
BF01322777
19. Davis AR, Gunning BES (1993) The modified stomata of the floral nectary of Vicia faba L. III.
Physiological aspects, including comparison with foliar stomata. Bot Acta 106:241–253.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1438-8677.1993.tb00747.x
20. Razem FA, Davis AR (1999) Anatomical and ultrastructural changes of the floral nectary of
Pisum sativum L. during flower development. Protoplasma 206:57–72. https://doi.org/
10.1007/BF01279253
21. Tölke ED, Bachelier JB, Lima EA, Galetto L, Demarco D, Carmello-Guerreiro SM (2018)
Diversity of floral nectary secretions and structure, and implications for their evolution in
Anacardiaceae. Bot J Linn Soc 187:209–231. https://doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/boy016
22. Stpiczyńska M, Davies KL, Gregg A (2003) Nectary structure and nectar secretion in
Maxillaria coccinea (Jacq.) L.O. Williams ex Hodge (Orchidaceae). Ann Bot 93:87–95.
https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mch008
23. Paiva EAS (2016) How do secretory products cross the plant cell wall to be released? A new
hypothesis involving cyclic mechanical actions of the protoplast. Ann Bot 117:533–540.
https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcw012
24. Paiva EAS (2017) How does the nectar of stomata-free nectaries cross the cuticle? Acta Bot
Bras 31:525–530. https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-33062016abb0444
25. Sawidis TH, Eleftheriou EP, Tsekos I (1987) The floral nectaries of Hibiscus rosasinensis. I.
Development of the secretory hairs. Ann Bot 59:643–652
26. Leitão CAE, Meira RMSA, Azevedo AA, Araújo JM, Silva KLFS, Collevatti RG (2005)
Anatomy of the floral, bract and foliar nectaries of Triumfetta semitriloba (Tiliaceae). Can J
Bot 83:279–286. https://doi.org/10.1139/b05-001
27. Leitão CAE, Dolder MAH, Cortelazzo AL (2014) Anatomy and histochemistry of the
nectaries of Rodriguezia venusta (Lindl.) Rchb. f. (Orchidaceae). 209:233–243. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.flora.2014.03.002
28. Gama TSS, Aguiar-Dias ACA, Demarco D (2016) Transfer cells in trichomatous nectary in
Adenocalymma magnificum (Bignoniaceae). An Acad Bras Ciênc 88:527–537. https://doi.org/
10.1590/0001-3765201620140606
29. Machado SR, Souza CV, Guimarães E (2017) A reduced, yet functional, nectary disk integrates a complex system of floral nectar secretion in the genus Zeyheria (Bignoniaceae). Acta
Bot Bras 31:344–357. https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-33062016abb0279
30. Gunning BES, Pate JS (1969) “Transfer cells”: plant cells with wall ingrowths, specialized in
relation to short distance transport of solutes – their occurrence, structure, and development.
Protoplasma 68:107–133. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01247900
31. Sawidis T, Eleftheriou EP, Tsekos I (1989) The floral nectaries of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis III.
A morphometric and ultrastructural approach. Nord J Bot 9:63–71. https://doi.org/10.1111/
j.1756-1051.1989.tb00987.x
32. Horner HT, Healy RA, Ren G, Fritz D, Klyne A, Seames C, Thornburg RW (2007) Amyloplast
to chromoplast conversion in developing ornamental tobacco floral nectaries provides sugar
for nectar and antioxidants for protection. Am J Bot 94:12–24. https://doi.org/10.3732/
ajb.94.1.12
33. Ren G, Healy RA, Klyne AM, Horner HT, James MG, Thornburg RW (2007) Transient starch
metabolism in ornamental tobacco floral nectaries regulates nectar composition and release.
Plant Sci 173:277–290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2007.05.008
34. Paiva EA, Machado SR (2008) The floral nectary of Hymenaea stigonocarpa (Fabaceae,
Caesalpinioideae): structural aspects during floral development. Ann Bot 101:125–133.
https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcm268
28 Diversity of Floral Glands and Their Secretions in Pollinator Attraction
741