Table 4 Options and acclimatization to different strategies
Level of
acclimatization
acclimatization
Examples
Plant
Strategies to acclimatize plants to
climate changes
Introduction of more varieties,
i.e., pest- or drought-resistant
Pruning
Grafting
From field to
Farm
Actions required to enhance the
endurance of the farm, mainly done by
changes in the way farmers manage
their production practices
Improvement in pest
management system
Improvement in soil and water
management
Modifying fertilization practices
Establishing cover crop
Mulching
Planting trees
Establishment of windbreaks
Introduction of solar driers
Modification of planting dates
and driers
Farming system
and household
practices
Measures to prepare the household
against the potential negative effects of
drastic climate change
Income diversification (off and
on farm)
Ease access to financial services
Train farmers to apply adaptation
strategies
Ease framers’ access to seasonal
forecasts and other
meteorological information
Motivating men and women to
work together to address
challenges in better way
Topography and
terrain
Actions that enhance the resilience of
the coffee farm’s landscape
Engage in plantations or replantation at massive scale, i.e.,
afforestation and re-afforestation
Reconstruction of
coffee chain
The whole coffee chain should be
reconstructed in order to create
flexibility in accepting the hybridresistant coffee varieties with varying
quality features
Drought-, insect-, pests-resistant
varieties and caffeine-free
varieties
Financial transfer
tools
The financial assistance or financial
transfer facility must be provided to
those farmers involved in environment
friendly activities
Payments for ecosystem or
watershed services
Collaboration
networks
Coffee collaboration networks should
be built in order to cope with climate
change in mutual way by
disseminating the technical knowledge
inclusively other measures
Coffee collaboration networks at
district level, provincial levels,
national levels, and finally at
international levels
Crop insurance
Crop insurance should be introduced
both by governmental and private
sectors
Coffee crops should be insured
against any calamity, insect pest
attack, and resulting yield quality
deterioration
(continued)
680
A. Hameed et al.
Level of
acclimatization
acclimatization
Examples
Plant
Strategies to acclimatize plants to
climate changes
Introduction of more varieties,
i.e., pest- or drought-resistant
Pruning
Grafting
From field to
Farm
Actions required to enhance the
endurance of the farm, mainly done by
changes in the way farmers manage
their production practices
Improvement in pest
management system
Improvement in soil and water
management
Modifying fertilization practices
Establishing cover crop
Mulching
Planting trees
Establishment of windbreaks
Introduction of solar driers
Modification of planting dates
and driers
Farming system
and household
practices
Measures to prepare the household
against the potential negative effects of
drastic climate change
Income diversification (off and
on farm)
Ease access to financial services
Train farmers to apply adaptation
strategies
Ease framers’ access to seasonal
forecasts and other
meteorological information
Motivating men and women to
work together to address
challenges in better way
Topography and
terrain
Actions that enhance the resilience of
the coffee farm’s landscape
Engage in plantations or replantation at massive scale, i.e.,
afforestation and re-afforestation
Reconstruction of
coffee chain
The whole coffee chain should be
reconstructed in order to create
flexibility in accepting the hybridresistant coffee varieties with varying
quality features
Drought-, insect-, pests-resistant
varieties and caffeine-free
varieties
Financial transfer
tools
The financial assistance or financial
transfer facility must be provided to
those farmers involved in environment
friendly activities
Payments for ecosystem or
watershed services
Collaboration
networks
Coffee collaboration networks should
be built in order to cope with climate
change in mutual way by
disseminating the technical knowledge
inclusively other measures
Coffee collaboration networks at
district level, provincial levels,
national levels, and finally at
international levels
Crop insurance
Crop insurance should be introduced
both by governmental and private
sectors
Coffee crops should be insured
against any calamity, insect pest
attack, and resulting yield quality
deterioration
(continued)
680
A. Hameed et al.