24. Hodaei M, Rahimmalek M, Arzani A, Talebi M (2018) The effect of water stress on
phytochemical accumulation, bioactive compounds and expression of key genes involved in
flavonoid biosynthesis in Chrysanthemum morifolium L. Ind Crops Prod 120:295–304. https://
doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2018
25. Winkel-Shirley B (2001) Flavonoid biosynthesis. A colorful model for genetics, biochemistry,
cell biology and biotechnology. Plant Physiol 126(2):485–493. https://doi.org/10.1104/
pp.126.2.485
26. Berli FJ, Moreno D, Piccoli P, Hespanhol-Viana L, Silva MF, Bressan-Smith R, Cavagnaro JB,
Bottini R (2010) Abscisic acid is involved in the response of grape (Vitis vinifera L.) cv.
Malbec leaf tissues to ultraviolet-B radiation by enhancing ultraviolet-absorbing compounds,
antioxidant enzymes and membrane sterols. Plant Cell Environ 33(1):1–10. https://doi.org/
10.1111/j.1365-3040.2009.02044
27. Ramakrishna A, Ravishankar GA (2011) Influence of abiotic stress signals on secondary
metabolites in plants. Plant Signal Behav 6(11):1720–1731. https://doi.org/10.4161/psb.6.
11.17613
28. Uleberg E, Rohloff J, Jaakola L, Trôst K, Junttila O, Häggman H, Martinussen I (2012) Effects
of temperature and photoperiod on yield and chemical composition of northern and southern
clones of bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.). J Agric Food Chem 60(42):10406–10414. https://
doi.org/10.1021/jf302924m
29. Aziz A, Martin-Tanguy J, Larher F (1998) Stress-induced changes in polyamine and tyramine
levels can regulate proline accumulation in tomato leaf discs treated with sodium chloride.
Physiol Plant 104(2):195–202. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-3054.1998.1040207
30. Jaafar HZ, Ibrahim MH, Fakri M, Farhana N (2012) Impact of soil field water capacity on
secondary metabolites, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), malondialdehyde (MDA) and
photosynthetic responses of Malaysian Kacip Fatimah (Labisia pumila Benth). Molecules
17(6):7305–7322. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules17067305
31. Nowak M, Kleinwächter M, Manderscheid R, Weigel HJ, Selmar D (2010) Drought stress
increases the accumulation of monoterpenes in sage (Salvia officinalis), an effect that is
compensated by elevated carbon dioxide concentration. J Appl Bot Food Qual 83(2):133–136
32. Afzal Shah F, Kareem YA, Habib UR, Ali BG (2017) Impact of drought stress on active
secondary metabolite production in Cichorium intybus roots. J Appl Environ Biol Sci
7(7):39–43
33. Szabó B, Tyihák E, Szabó G, Botz L (2003) Mycotoxin and drought stress induced change of
alkaloid content of Papaver somniferum plantlets. Acta Bot Hungar 45:409–417. https://doi.
org/10.1556/ABot.45.2003
34. Chen Y, Guo Q, Liu L, Liao L, Zhu Z (2011) Influence of fertilization and drought stress on
the growth and production of secondary metabolites in Prunella vulgaris L. J Med Plant Res
5(9):1749–1755. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0066259
35. Singh S, Sinha S (2005) Accumulation of metals and its effects in Brassica juncea (L.) Czern.
(cv. Rohini) grown on various amendments of tannery waste. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf
62(1):118–127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2004.12.026
36. Umar S, Gauba N, Anjum NA, Siddiqi TO (2013) Arsenic toxicity in garden cress (Lepidium
sativum Linn.): significance of potassium nutrition. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 20(9):
6039–6049. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-013-1624-y
37. Sharma RK, Agrawal M, Agrawal SB (2010) Physiological, biochemical and growth
responses of lady’s finger (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) plants as affected by Cd contaminated soil. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 84(6):765–770. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128010-0032-y
38. Helmig D, Ortega J, Duhl T, Tanner D, Guenther A, Harley P, . . . Sakulyanontvittaya T (2007)
Sesquiterpene emissions from pine treesÀ identifications, emission rates and flux estimates for
the contiguous United States. Environ Sci Technol 41 (5):1545–1553. https://doi.org/10.1021/
es0618907
39. Hanson DT, Sharkey TD (2001) Effect of growth conditions on isoprene emission and other
thermotolerance-enhancing compounds. Plant Cell Environ 24:929–936. https://doi.org/
10.1046/j.1365-3040.2001.00744
25 Nitric Oxide as a Signal in Inducing Secondary Metabolites During Plant Stress
615
phytochemical accumulation, bioactive compounds and expression of key genes involved in
flavonoid biosynthesis in Chrysanthemum morifolium L. Ind Crops Prod 120:295–304. https://
doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2018
25. Winkel-Shirley B (2001) Flavonoid biosynthesis. A colorful model for genetics, biochemistry,
cell biology and biotechnology. Plant Physiol 126(2):485–493. https://doi.org/10.1104/
pp.126.2.485
26. Berli FJ, Moreno D, Piccoli P, Hespanhol-Viana L, Silva MF, Bressan-Smith R, Cavagnaro JB,
Bottini R (2010) Abscisic acid is involved in the response of grape (Vitis vinifera L.) cv.
Malbec leaf tissues to ultraviolet-B radiation by enhancing ultraviolet-absorbing compounds,
antioxidant enzymes and membrane sterols. Plant Cell Environ 33(1):1–10. https://doi.org/
10.1111/j.1365-3040.2009.02044
27. Ramakrishna A, Ravishankar GA (2011) Influence of abiotic stress signals on secondary
metabolites in plants. Plant Signal Behav 6(11):1720–1731. https://doi.org/10.4161/psb.6.
11.17613
28. Uleberg E, Rohloff J, Jaakola L, Trôst K, Junttila O, Häggman H, Martinussen I (2012) Effects
of temperature and photoperiod on yield and chemical composition of northern and southern
clones of bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.). J Agric Food Chem 60(42):10406–10414. https://
doi.org/10.1021/jf302924m
29. Aziz A, Martin-Tanguy J, Larher F (1998) Stress-induced changes in polyamine and tyramine
levels can regulate proline accumulation in tomato leaf discs treated with sodium chloride.
Physiol Plant 104(2):195–202. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-3054.1998.1040207
30. Jaafar HZ, Ibrahim MH, Fakri M, Farhana N (2012) Impact of soil field water capacity on
secondary metabolites, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), malondialdehyde (MDA) and
photosynthetic responses of Malaysian Kacip Fatimah (Labisia pumila Benth). Molecules
17(6):7305–7322. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules17067305
31. Nowak M, Kleinwächter M, Manderscheid R, Weigel HJ, Selmar D (2010) Drought stress
increases the accumulation of monoterpenes in sage (Salvia officinalis), an effect that is
compensated by elevated carbon dioxide concentration. J Appl Bot Food Qual 83(2):133–136
32. Afzal Shah F, Kareem YA, Habib UR, Ali BG (2017) Impact of drought stress on active
secondary metabolite production in Cichorium intybus roots. J Appl Environ Biol Sci
7(7):39–43
33. Szabó B, Tyihák E, Szabó G, Botz L (2003) Mycotoxin and drought stress induced change of
alkaloid content of Papaver somniferum plantlets. Acta Bot Hungar 45:409–417. https://doi.
org/10.1556/ABot.45.2003
34. Chen Y, Guo Q, Liu L, Liao L, Zhu Z (2011) Influence of fertilization and drought stress on
the growth and production of secondary metabolites in Prunella vulgaris L. J Med Plant Res
5(9):1749–1755. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0066259
35. Singh S, Sinha S (2005) Accumulation of metals and its effects in Brassica juncea (L.) Czern.
(cv. Rohini) grown on various amendments of tannery waste. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf
62(1):118–127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2004.12.026
36. Umar S, Gauba N, Anjum NA, Siddiqi TO (2013) Arsenic toxicity in garden cress (Lepidium
sativum Linn.): significance of potassium nutrition. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 20(9):
6039–6049. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-013-1624-y
37. Sharma RK, Agrawal M, Agrawal SB (2010) Physiological, biochemical and growth
responses of lady’s finger (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) plants as affected by Cd contaminated soil. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 84(6):765–770. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128010-0032-y
38. Helmig D, Ortega J, Duhl T, Tanner D, Guenther A, Harley P, . . . Sakulyanontvittaya T (2007)
Sesquiterpene emissions from pine treesÀ identifications, emission rates and flux estimates for
the contiguous United States. Environ Sci Technol 41 (5):1545–1553. https://doi.org/10.1021/
es0618907
39. Hanson DT, Sharkey TD (2001) Effect of growth conditions on isoprene emission and other
thermotolerance-enhancing compounds. Plant Cell Environ 24:929–936. https://doi.org/
10.1046/j.1365-3040.2001.00744
25 Nitric Oxide as a Signal in Inducing Secondary Metabolites During Plant Stress
615