179. Hou X, An B, Wang Q et al (2018) SGE1 is involved in conidiation and pathogenicity of
Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense. Can J Microbiol 64:349–357
180. Janevska S, Tudzynski B (2017) Secondary metabolism in Fusarium fujikuroi: strategies to
unravel the function of biosynthetic pathways. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 102:615–630
181. Wiemann P, Brown DW, Kleigrewe K et al (2010) FfVel1 and FfLae1, components of a velvetlike complex in Fusarium fujikuroi, affect differentiation, secondary metabolism and virulence. Mol Microbiol 77:972–994
182. Niehaus E-M, Kleigrewe K, Wiemann P et al (2013) Genetic manipulation of the Fusarium
fujikuroi fusarin gene cluster yields insight into the complex regulation and fusarin biosynthetic pathway. Chem Biol 20:1055–1066
183. Studt L, Humpf H-U, Tudzynski B (2013) Signaling governed by G proteins and cAMP is
crucial for growth, secondary metabolism and sexual development in Fusarium fujikuroi.
PLoS One 8:e58185
184. Wiebe LA, Bjeldanes LF (1981) Fusarin C, a mutagen from Fusarium moniliforme grown on
corn. J Food Sci 46:1424–1426
185. Song Z, Cox RJ, Lazarus CM, Simpson TJ (2004) Fusarin C biosynthesis in Fusarium
moniliforme and Fusarium venenatum. Chembiochem 5:1196–1203
186. Han Z, Tangni EK, Huybrechts B et al (2014) Screening survey of co-production of fusaric
acid, fusarin C, and fumonisins B1, B2 and B3 by Fusarium strains grown in maize grains.
Mycotox Res 30:231–240
187. Jaskiewicz K, van Rensburg SJ, Marasas WFO et al (1987) Carcinogenicity of Fusarium
moniliforme culture material in rats. J Nat Cancer Inst 78:321–325
188. Sondergaard TE, Hansen FT, Purup S et al (2011) Fusarin C acts like an estrogenic agonist and
stimulates breast cancer cells in vitro. Toxicol Lett 205:116–121
189. Bever RJ Jr, Couch LH, Sutherland JB et al (2000) DNA adduct formation by Fusarium
culture extracts: lack of role of fusarin C. Chemico-Biol Interact 128:141–157
190. Steyn PS, Vleggaar R (1985) Mechanistic studies on the biosynthesis of the aurovertins using
18
O-labelled precursors. J Chem Soc Chem Commun 24:1796–1798
191. Cole RJ, Kirksey JW, Cutler HG et al (1973) Toxin from Fusarium moniliforme: effects on
plants and animals. Science 179:1324–1326
192. Schütt F, Nirenberg HI, Deml G (1998) Moniliformin production in the genus Fusarium.
Mycotox Res 14:35–40
193. Fotso J, Leslie JF, Smith JS (2002) Production of beauvericin, moniliformin, fusaproliferin and
fumonisins B1, B2 and B3 by fifteen ex-type strains of Fusarium species. Appl Environ
Microbiol 68:5195–5197
194. Franck B, Breipohl G (1984) Biosynthesis of moniliformin, a fungal toxin with
cyclobutanedione structure. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 23:996–998
195. Trisuwan K, Khamthong N, Rukachaisirikul V et al (2010) Anthraquinone, cyclopentanone,
and naphthoquinone derivatives from the sea fan-derived fungi Fusarium spp. PSU-F14 and
PSU-F135. J Nat Prod 73:1507–1511
196. Linnemannstöns P, Prado M, Fernández-Martín R et al (2002) A carotenoid biosynthesis gene
cluster in Fusarium fujikuroi: the genes carB and carRA. Mol Genet Genomics 267:593–602
197. Avalos J, Pardo-Medina J, Parra-Rivero O et al (2017) Carotenoid biosynthesis in Fusarium.
J Fungi 3:39
198. Wiemann P, Willmann A, Straeten M et al (2009) Biosynthesis of the red pigment bikaverin in
Fusarium fujikuroi: genes, their function and regulation. Mol Microbiol 72:931–946
199. Arndt B, Studt L, Wiemann P et al (2015) Genetic engineering, high resolution mass
spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy elucidate the bikaverin biosynthetic pathway in Fusarium fujikuroi. Fungal Genet Biol 84:26–36
200. Sondergaard T, Fredborg M, Oppenhagen Christensen A-M et al (2016) Fast screening of
antibacterial compounds from Fusaria. Toxins 8:355
201. Baker RA, Tatum JH, Nemec S (1990) Antimicrobial activity of naphthoquinones from
Fusaria. Mycopathologia 111:9–15
10 Fusarium Secondary Metabolism Biosynthetic Pathways: So Close but So. . .
245
Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense. Can J Microbiol 64:349–357
180. Janevska S, Tudzynski B (2017) Secondary metabolism in Fusarium fujikuroi: strategies to
unravel the function of biosynthetic pathways. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 102:615–630
181. Wiemann P, Brown DW, Kleigrewe K et al (2010) FfVel1 and FfLae1, components of a velvetlike complex in Fusarium fujikuroi, affect differentiation, secondary metabolism and virulence. Mol Microbiol 77:972–994
182. Niehaus E-M, Kleigrewe K, Wiemann P et al (2013) Genetic manipulation of the Fusarium
fujikuroi fusarin gene cluster yields insight into the complex regulation and fusarin biosynthetic pathway. Chem Biol 20:1055–1066
183. Studt L, Humpf H-U, Tudzynski B (2013) Signaling governed by G proteins and cAMP is
crucial for growth, secondary metabolism and sexual development in Fusarium fujikuroi.
PLoS One 8:e58185
184. Wiebe LA, Bjeldanes LF (1981) Fusarin C, a mutagen from Fusarium moniliforme grown on
corn. J Food Sci 46:1424–1426
185. Song Z, Cox RJ, Lazarus CM, Simpson TJ (2004) Fusarin C biosynthesis in Fusarium
moniliforme and Fusarium venenatum. Chembiochem 5:1196–1203
186. Han Z, Tangni EK, Huybrechts B et al (2014) Screening survey of co-production of fusaric
acid, fusarin C, and fumonisins B1, B2 and B3 by Fusarium strains grown in maize grains.
Mycotox Res 30:231–240
187. Jaskiewicz K, van Rensburg SJ, Marasas WFO et al (1987) Carcinogenicity of Fusarium
moniliforme culture material in rats. J Nat Cancer Inst 78:321–325
188. Sondergaard TE, Hansen FT, Purup S et al (2011) Fusarin C acts like an estrogenic agonist and
stimulates breast cancer cells in vitro. Toxicol Lett 205:116–121
189. Bever RJ Jr, Couch LH, Sutherland JB et al (2000) DNA adduct formation by Fusarium
culture extracts: lack of role of fusarin C. Chemico-Biol Interact 128:141–157
190. Steyn PS, Vleggaar R (1985) Mechanistic studies on the biosynthesis of the aurovertins using
18
O-labelled precursors. J Chem Soc Chem Commun 24:1796–1798
191. Cole RJ, Kirksey JW, Cutler HG et al (1973) Toxin from Fusarium moniliforme: effects on
plants and animals. Science 179:1324–1326
192. Schütt F, Nirenberg HI, Deml G (1998) Moniliformin production in the genus Fusarium.
Mycotox Res 14:35–40
193. Fotso J, Leslie JF, Smith JS (2002) Production of beauvericin, moniliformin, fusaproliferin and
fumonisins B1, B2 and B3 by fifteen ex-type strains of Fusarium species. Appl Environ
Microbiol 68:5195–5197
194. Franck B, Breipohl G (1984) Biosynthesis of moniliformin, a fungal toxin with
cyclobutanedione structure. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 23:996–998
195. Trisuwan K, Khamthong N, Rukachaisirikul V et al (2010) Anthraquinone, cyclopentanone,
and naphthoquinone derivatives from the sea fan-derived fungi Fusarium spp. PSU-F14 and
PSU-F135. J Nat Prod 73:1507–1511
196. Linnemannstöns P, Prado M, Fernández-Martín R et al (2002) A carotenoid biosynthesis gene
cluster in Fusarium fujikuroi: the genes carB and carRA. Mol Genet Genomics 267:593–602
197. Avalos J, Pardo-Medina J, Parra-Rivero O et al (2017) Carotenoid biosynthesis in Fusarium.
J Fungi 3:39
198. Wiemann P, Willmann A, Straeten M et al (2009) Biosynthesis of the red pigment bikaverin in
Fusarium fujikuroi: genes, their function and regulation. Mol Microbiol 72:931–946
199. Arndt B, Studt L, Wiemann P et al (2015) Genetic engineering, high resolution mass
spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy elucidate the bikaverin biosynthetic pathway in Fusarium fujikuroi. Fungal Genet Biol 84:26–36
200. Sondergaard T, Fredborg M, Oppenhagen Christensen A-M et al (2016) Fast screening of
antibacterial compounds from Fusaria. Toxins 8:355
201. Baker RA, Tatum JH, Nemec S (1990) Antimicrobial activity of naphthoquinones from
Fusaria. Mycopathologia 111:9–15
10 Fusarium Secondary Metabolism Biosynthetic Pathways: So Close but So. . .
245