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159. Matthes D, Richter L, Müller J et al (2012) In vitro chemoenzymatic and in vivo biocatalytic
synthesis of new beauvericin analogues. Chem Comm 48:5674–5676
160. Peeters H, Zocher R, Madry N et al (1983) Cell-free synthesis of the depsipeptide beauvericin.
J Antibiot (Tokyo) 36:1762–1766
161. Peeters H, Zocher R, Kleinkauf H (1988) Synthesis of beauvericin by a multifunctional
enzyme. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 41:352–359
162. Chełkowski J, Ritieni A, Wiśniewska H et al (2007) Occurrence of toxic hexadepsipeptides in
preharvest maize ear rot infected by Fusarium poae in Poland. J Phytopathol 155:8–12
163. Kulik T, Pszczółkowska A, Fordoński G, Olszewski J (2007) PCR approach based on the
esyn1 gene for the detection of potential enniatin-producing Fusarium species. Int J Food
Microbiol 116:319–324
164. Logrieco A, Rizzo A, Ferracane R, Ritieni A (2002) Occurrence of beauvericin and
enniatins in wheat affected by Fusarium avenaceum head blight. Appl Environ Microbiol
68:82–85
165. Jestoi M, Rokka M, Yli-Mattila T et al (2004) Presence and concentrations of the Fusariumrelated mycotoxins beauvericin, enniatins and moniliformin in Finnish grain samples. Food
Addit Contam 21:794–802
166. Bacon CW, Porter JK, Norred WP, Leslie JF (1996) Production of fusaric acid by Fusarium
species. Appl Environ Microbiol 62:4039–4043
167. Niehaus E-M, Díaz-Sánchez V, von Bargen KW et al (2014a) Fusarins and fusaric acid in
Fusaria. In: Biosynthesis and molecular genetics of fungal secondary metabolites. Springer,
New York, pp 239–262
168. Singh VK, Singh HB, Upadhyay RS (2017) Role of fusaric acid in the development of
“Fusarium wilt” symptoms in tomato: physiological, biochemical and proteomic perspectives.
Plant Physiol Biochem 118:320–332
169. May HD, Wu Q, Blake CK (2000) Effects of the Fusarium spp. mycotoxins fusaric acid and
deoxynivalenol on the growth of Ruminococcus albus and Methanobrevibacter ruminantium.
Can J Microbiol 46:692–699
170. Tung TT, Jakobsen TH, Dao TT et al (2017) Fusaric acid and analogues as Gram-negative
bacterial quorum sensing inhibitors. Eur J Medicinal Chem 126:1011–1020
171. Brown DW, Butchko RAE, Busman M, Proctor RH (2012) Identification of gene clusters
associated with fusaric acid, fusarin, and perithecial pigment production in Fusarium
verticillioides. Fungal Genet Biol 49:521–532
172. Brown DW, Lee SH, Kim LH et al (2015) Identification of a 12-gene fusaric acid biosynthetic
gene cluster in Fusarium species through comparative and functional genomics.
Mol Plant-Microbe Interact 28:319–332
173. Studt L, Janevska S, Niehaus E-M et al (2016) Two separate key enzymes and two pathwayspecific transcription factors are involved in fusaric acid biosynthesis in Fusarium fujikuroi.
Environ Microbiol 18:936–956
174. Niehaus E-M, von Bargen KW, Espino JJ et al (2014) Characterization of the fusaric acid gene
cluster in Fusarium fujikuroi. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 98:1749–1762
175. Michielse CB, Studt L, Janevska S et al (2015) The global regulator FfSge1 is required for
expression of secondary metabolite gene clusters but not for pathogenicity in Fusarium
fujikuroi. Environ Microbiol 17:2690–2708
176. López-Díaz C, Rahjoo V, Sulyok M et al (2017) Fusaric acid contributes to virulence of
Fusarium oxysporum on plant and mammalian hosts. Mol Plant Pathol 19:440–453
177. Pfannmüller A, Leufken J, Studt L et al (2017) Comparative transcriptome and proteome
analysis reveals a global impact of the nitrogen regulators AreA and AreB on secondary
metabolism in Fusarium fujikuroi. PLoS One 12:e0176194
178. Michielse CB, van Wijk R, Reijnen L et al (2009) The nuclear protein Sge1 of Fusarium
oxysporum is required for parasitic growth. PLoS Pathog 5:e1000637
244
Ł. Stępień et al.
Fusarium. Eur J Plant Pathol 108:713
159. Matthes D, Richter L, Müller J et al (2012) In vitro chemoenzymatic and in vivo biocatalytic
synthesis of new beauvericin analogues. Chem Comm 48:5674–5676
160. Peeters H, Zocher R, Madry N et al (1983) Cell-free synthesis of the depsipeptide beauvericin.
J Antibiot (Tokyo) 36:1762–1766
161. Peeters H, Zocher R, Kleinkauf H (1988) Synthesis of beauvericin by a multifunctional
enzyme. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 41:352–359
162. Chełkowski J, Ritieni A, Wiśniewska H et al (2007) Occurrence of toxic hexadepsipeptides in
preharvest maize ear rot infected by Fusarium poae in Poland. J Phytopathol 155:8–12
163. Kulik T, Pszczółkowska A, Fordoński G, Olszewski J (2007) PCR approach based on the
esyn1 gene for the detection of potential enniatin-producing Fusarium species. Int J Food
Microbiol 116:319–324
164. Logrieco A, Rizzo A, Ferracane R, Ritieni A (2002) Occurrence of beauvericin and
enniatins in wheat affected by Fusarium avenaceum head blight. Appl Environ Microbiol
68:82–85
165. Jestoi M, Rokka M, Yli-Mattila T et al (2004) Presence and concentrations of the Fusariumrelated mycotoxins beauvericin, enniatins and moniliformin in Finnish grain samples. Food
Addit Contam 21:794–802
166. Bacon CW, Porter JK, Norred WP, Leslie JF (1996) Production of fusaric acid by Fusarium
species. Appl Environ Microbiol 62:4039–4043
167. Niehaus E-M, Díaz-Sánchez V, von Bargen KW et al (2014a) Fusarins and fusaric acid in
Fusaria. In: Biosynthesis and molecular genetics of fungal secondary metabolites. Springer,
New York, pp 239–262
168. Singh VK, Singh HB, Upadhyay RS (2017) Role of fusaric acid in the development of
“Fusarium wilt” symptoms in tomato: physiological, biochemical and proteomic perspectives.
Plant Physiol Biochem 118:320–332
169. May HD, Wu Q, Blake CK (2000) Effects of the Fusarium spp. mycotoxins fusaric acid and
deoxynivalenol on the growth of Ruminococcus albus and Methanobrevibacter ruminantium.
Can J Microbiol 46:692–699
170. Tung TT, Jakobsen TH, Dao TT et al (2017) Fusaric acid and analogues as Gram-negative
bacterial quorum sensing inhibitors. Eur J Medicinal Chem 126:1011–1020
171. Brown DW, Butchko RAE, Busman M, Proctor RH (2012) Identification of gene clusters
associated with fusaric acid, fusarin, and perithecial pigment production in Fusarium
verticillioides. Fungal Genet Biol 49:521–532
172. Brown DW, Lee SH, Kim LH et al (2015) Identification of a 12-gene fusaric acid biosynthetic
gene cluster in Fusarium species through comparative and functional genomics.
Mol Plant-Microbe Interact 28:319–332
173. Studt L, Janevska S, Niehaus E-M et al (2016) Two separate key enzymes and two pathwayspecific transcription factors are involved in fusaric acid biosynthesis in Fusarium fujikuroi.
Environ Microbiol 18:936–956
174. Niehaus E-M, von Bargen KW, Espino JJ et al (2014) Characterization of the fusaric acid gene
cluster in Fusarium fujikuroi. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 98:1749–1762
175. Michielse CB, Studt L, Janevska S et al (2015) The global regulator FfSge1 is required for
expression of secondary metabolite gene clusters but not for pathogenicity in Fusarium
fujikuroi. Environ Microbiol 17:2690–2708
176. López-Díaz C, Rahjoo V, Sulyok M et al (2017) Fusaric acid contributes to virulence of
Fusarium oxysporum on plant and mammalian hosts. Mol Plant Pathol 19:440–453
177. Pfannmüller A, Leufken J, Studt L et al (2017) Comparative transcriptome and proteome
analysis reveals a global impact of the nitrogen regulators AreA and AreB on secondary
metabolism in Fusarium fujikuroi. PLoS One 12:e0176194
178. Michielse CB, van Wijk R, Reijnen L et al (2009) The nuclear protein Sge1 of Fusarium
oxysporum is required for parasitic growth. PLoS Pathog 5:e1000637
244
Ł. Stępień et al.