91. O’Donnell K, Sutton DA, Rinaldi MG et al (2009) A novel multi-locus sequence typing
scheme reveals high genetic diversity of human pathogenic members of the Fusarium
incarnatum-F. equiseti and F. chlamydosporum species complexes within the US. J Clin
Microbiol 47:3851–3861
92. Proctor RH, McCormick SP, Alexander NJ, Desjardins AE (2009) Evidence that a secondary
metabolic biosynthetic gene cluster has grown by gene relocation during evolution of the
filamentous fungus Fusarium. Mol Microbiol 74:1128–1142
93. Seong KY, Pasquali M, Zhou X et al (2009) Global gene regulation by Fusarium transcription
factors Tri6 and Tri10 reveals adaptations for toxin biosynthesis. Mol Microbiol 72:354–367
94. Achilladelis B, Hanson JR (1968) Studies in terpenoid biosynthesis I. The biosynthesis of
metabolites of Trichothecium roseum. Phytochemistry 7:589–594
95. Grünler J, Ericsson J, Dallner G (1994) Branch-point reactions in the biosynthesis of cholesterol, dolichol, ubiquinone and prenylated proteins. Biochim Biophys Acta 1212:259–277
96. Hohn TM, Beremand PD (1989) Isolation and nucleotide sequence of a sesquiterpene cyclase
gene from the trichothecene-producing fungus Fusarium sporotrichioides. Gene 79:131–138
97. McCormick SP, Alexander NJ (2002) Fusarium Tri8 encodes a trichothecene C-3 esterase.
Appl Environ Microbiol 68:2959–2964
98. Alexander NJ, McCormick SP, Waalwijk C et al (2011) The genetic basis for 3-ADON and 15ADON trichothecene chemotypes in Fusarium. Fungal Genet Biol 48:485–495
99. McCormick SP, Harris LJ, Alexander NJ et al (2004) Tri1 in Fusarium graminearum encodes
a P450 oxygenase. Appl Environ Microbiol 70:2044–2051
100. Stockmann-Juvala H, Savolainen K (2008) A review of the toxic effects and mechanisms of
action of fumonisin B1. Human Exp Toxicol 27:799–809
101. Glenn AE, Zitomer NC, Zimeri AM et al (2008) Transformation-mediated complementation of
a FUM gene cluster deletion in Fusarium verticillioides restores both fumonisin production
and pathogenicity on maize seedlings. Mol Plant-Microbe Interact 21:87–97
102. Zhang L, Wang J, Zhang C, Wang Q (2012) Analysis of potential fumonisin-producing
Fusarium species in corn products from three main maize-producing areas in eastern China.
J Sci Food Agric 93:693–701
103. Proctor RH, Brown DW, Plattner RD, Desjardins AE (2003) Co-expression of 15 contiguous
genes delineates a fumonisin biosynthetic gene cluster in Gibberella moniliformis. Fungal
Genet Biol 38:237–249
104. Ahangarkani F, Rouhi S, Azizi IG (2014) A review on incidence and toxicity of fumonisins.
Toxin Rev 33:95–100
105. Bezuidenhout SC, Gelderblom WCA, Gorst-Allman CP et al (1988) Structure elucidation
of the fumonisins, mycotoxins from Fusarium moniliforme. J Chem Soc Chem Commun
11:743–745
106. Laurent D, Platzer N, Kohler F et al (1989) Macrofusine et micromoniline: duex nouvelles
mycotoxines isolées de maïs infesté par Fusarium moniliforme. Microbiol Alim Nutr 7:9–16
107. Domijan AM (2012) Fumonisin B1: a neurotoxic mycotoxin. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol
63:531–544
108. Brown DW, Butchko RA, Busman M, Proctor RH (2007) The Fusarium verticillioides FUM
gene cluster encodes a Zn(II)2Cys6 protein that affects FUM gene expression and fumonisin
production. Eukaryot Cell 6:1210–1218
109. Van Hove F, Waalwijk C, Logrieco A et al (2011) Gibberella musae (Fusarium musae) sp.
nov.: a new species from banana is sister to F. verticillioides. Mycologia 103:570–585
110. Gerber R, Lou L, Du L (2009) A PLP-dependent polyketide chain releasing mechanism in the
biosynthesis of mycotoxin fumonisins in Fusarium verticillioides. J Am Chem Soc
131:3148–3149
111. Seo J-A, Proctor RH, Plattner RD (2001) Characterization of four clustered and coregulated
genes associated with fumonisin biosynthesis in Fusarium verticillioides. Fungal Genet Biol
34:155–165
10 Fusarium Secondary Metabolism Biosynthetic Pathways: So Close but So. . .
241
scheme reveals high genetic diversity of human pathogenic members of the Fusarium
incarnatum-F. equiseti and F. chlamydosporum species complexes within the US. J Clin
Microbiol 47:3851–3861
92. Proctor RH, McCormick SP, Alexander NJ, Desjardins AE (2009) Evidence that a secondary
metabolic biosynthetic gene cluster has grown by gene relocation during evolution of the
filamentous fungus Fusarium. Mol Microbiol 74:1128–1142
93. Seong KY, Pasquali M, Zhou X et al (2009) Global gene regulation by Fusarium transcription
factors Tri6 and Tri10 reveals adaptations for toxin biosynthesis. Mol Microbiol 72:354–367
94. Achilladelis B, Hanson JR (1968) Studies in terpenoid biosynthesis I. The biosynthesis of
metabolites of Trichothecium roseum. Phytochemistry 7:589–594
95. Grünler J, Ericsson J, Dallner G (1994) Branch-point reactions in the biosynthesis of cholesterol, dolichol, ubiquinone and prenylated proteins. Biochim Biophys Acta 1212:259–277
96. Hohn TM, Beremand PD (1989) Isolation and nucleotide sequence of a sesquiterpene cyclase
gene from the trichothecene-producing fungus Fusarium sporotrichioides. Gene 79:131–138
97. McCormick SP, Alexander NJ (2002) Fusarium Tri8 encodes a trichothecene C-3 esterase.
Appl Environ Microbiol 68:2959–2964
98. Alexander NJ, McCormick SP, Waalwijk C et al (2011) The genetic basis for 3-ADON and 15ADON trichothecene chemotypes in Fusarium. Fungal Genet Biol 48:485–495
99. McCormick SP, Harris LJ, Alexander NJ et al (2004) Tri1 in Fusarium graminearum encodes
a P450 oxygenase. Appl Environ Microbiol 70:2044–2051
100. Stockmann-Juvala H, Savolainen K (2008) A review of the toxic effects and mechanisms of
action of fumonisin B1. Human Exp Toxicol 27:799–809
101. Glenn AE, Zitomer NC, Zimeri AM et al (2008) Transformation-mediated complementation of
a FUM gene cluster deletion in Fusarium verticillioides restores both fumonisin production
and pathogenicity on maize seedlings. Mol Plant-Microbe Interact 21:87–97
102. Zhang L, Wang J, Zhang C, Wang Q (2012) Analysis of potential fumonisin-producing
Fusarium species in corn products from three main maize-producing areas in eastern China.
J Sci Food Agric 93:693–701
103. Proctor RH, Brown DW, Plattner RD, Desjardins AE (2003) Co-expression of 15 contiguous
genes delineates a fumonisin biosynthetic gene cluster in Gibberella moniliformis. Fungal
Genet Biol 38:237–249
104. Ahangarkani F, Rouhi S, Azizi IG (2014) A review on incidence and toxicity of fumonisins.
Toxin Rev 33:95–100
105. Bezuidenhout SC, Gelderblom WCA, Gorst-Allman CP et al (1988) Structure elucidation
of the fumonisins, mycotoxins from Fusarium moniliforme. J Chem Soc Chem Commun
11:743–745
106. Laurent D, Platzer N, Kohler F et al (1989) Macrofusine et micromoniline: duex nouvelles
mycotoxines isolées de maïs infesté par Fusarium moniliforme. Microbiol Alim Nutr 7:9–16
107. Domijan AM (2012) Fumonisin B1: a neurotoxic mycotoxin. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol
63:531–544
108. Brown DW, Butchko RA, Busman M, Proctor RH (2007) The Fusarium verticillioides FUM
gene cluster encodes a Zn(II)2Cys6 protein that affects FUM gene expression and fumonisin
production. Eukaryot Cell 6:1210–1218
109. Van Hove F, Waalwijk C, Logrieco A et al (2011) Gibberella musae (Fusarium musae) sp.
nov.: a new species from banana is sister to F. verticillioides. Mycologia 103:570–585
110. Gerber R, Lou L, Du L (2009) A PLP-dependent polyketide chain releasing mechanism in the
biosynthesis of mycotoxin fumonisins in Fusarium verticillioides. J Am Chem Soc
131:3148–3149
111. Seo J-A, Proctor RH, Plattner RD (2001) Characterization of four clustered and coregulated
genes associated with fumonisin biosynthesis in Fusarium verticillioides. Fungal Genet Biol
34:155–165
10 Fusarium Secondary Metabolism Biosynthetic Pathways: So Close but So. . .
241