17 Exploitation of Rivers in Poland for Electricity …
339
Bóbr, Kwisa and Nysa Łu˙ zycka rivers in southwestern Poland. Its total output power
is 88 MW. The remaining power plants of the Company are small hydropower plants
(SHP) with a capacity of 0.8–2.64 MW, reaching a total of approx. 15 MW. The
Dychów power plant is the smallest of the Polish mixed pumped storage power
plants, in which the power of 4 pumping units is slightly less than 1/3 of the output
power of turbine sets. For generating energy, it uses three generating sets equipped
with 30 MW Kaplan turbines. It was built in 1933–1936 on the final part of the Bóbr
River just before its mouth to the Odra River near Krosno Odrza´ nskie. The upper
reservoir of the power plant is Dychowskie Lake located 28 m above the water level
in the lower reservoir located in the Bóbr tributary. The Dychowskie Lake is fed from
the Bóbr River with a derivation channel with a length of over 20 km. The beginning
of the channel is located in the town of Krzywaniec near Nowogród Bobrza´ nski.
Because the Bóbr, on the section between the beginning of the channel and the
mouth of the Odra River, strongly meanders, the channel shortens the distance to
the Dychowskie reservoir by more than half. Dychowskie Lake is a daily equalizing
reservoir, which means it fills almost 24 h. Emptying the upper reservoir with the full
power of the turbines takes only three hours. In low water periods and low natural
inflow, it is possible to start pump stages with a power of approx. 23 MW [23].
The hydroelectric power plant in Ro˙ znów was built during World War II. Its
construction was completed in 1942. It is a classical storage-type power plant with
a reservoir creating the Ro˙ znowskie Lake. This reservoir fulfils energy, retention,
flood and recreational functions.
The power plant was located in the foothills gorge of the Dunajec River, near the
village of Ro˙ znów. Taking advantage of the favorable terrain, the Dunajec trough was
partitioned with a heavy dam of a concrete type, based on two nearby mountains,
between which the river flowed. Eventually, the dam with a length of 550 m and a
height of 32.5 m was built. The width of the dam in the upper side is 9 m and at the
base 40. The foundations of the dam are recessed into the ground to a depth of 17 m.
The maximum power of the power plant of 56 MW is obtained from four generating sets of 14 MW each, equipped with Kaplan turbines. The water head is 29 m
with an average flow of 61 m
3 /s, and the maximum flow is 240 m
3 /s. The annual
production of electricity is on average 125 GWh [24].
The Koronowo power plant was established in 1961 about 20 km north of
Bydgoszcz. The preliminary design, including a dam partitioning the Brda riverbed,
was developed already in the 1930s by prof. Karol Pomianowski and engineer Alfons
Hoffman. The project envisaged the use of several post-glacial lakes lying along the
former Brda bed, but about 20 m above its level. The embankment dam was built in
the village of Pieczyska above Koronowo, and the dammed water of the river was led
into the connecting lakes Lipkusz, Czarne and Białe delivering water to the area of
Samoci˛ a˙ zek village. The derivation channel created by the lakes allowed to increase
the water head from 20 m (on the dam in Pieczyska) to 26 m on the end of 1350 m
long channel, led out from the Białe Lake near of Samoci˛ a˙ zek. The water channel is
terminated with a water gate, from which two penstocks with a diameter of 5 m and
a length of 96 m are derived. The water flows down 26 m into two generating sets
with a total power of 27.5 MW driven by two Kaplan turbines. The maximum flow
339
Bóbr, Kwisa and Nysa Łu˙ zycka rivers in southwestern Poland. Its total output power
is 88 MW. The remaining power plants of the Company are small hydropower plants
(SHP) with a capacity of 0.8–2.64 MW, reaching a total of approx. 15 MW. The
Dychów power plant is the smallest of the Polish mixed pumped storage power
plants, in which the power of 4 pumping units is slightly less than 1/3 of the output
power of turbine sets. For generating energy, it uses three generating sets equipped
with 30 MW Kaplan turbines. It was built in 1933–1936 on the final part of the Bóbr
River just before its mouth to the Odra River near Krosno Odrza´ nskie. The upper
reservoir of the power plant is Dychowskie Lake located 28 m above the water level
in the lower reservoir located in the Bóbr tributary. The Dychowskie Lake is fed from
the Bóbr River with a derivation channel with a length of over 20 km. The beginning
of the channel is located in the town of Krzywaniec near Nowogród Bobrza´ nski.
Because the Bóbr, on the section between the beginning of the channel and the
mouth of the Odra River, strongly meanders, the channel shortens the distance to
the Dychowskie reservoir by more than half. Dychowskie Lake is a daily equalizing
reservoir, which means it fills almost 24 h. Emptying the upper reservoir with the full
power of the turbines takes only three hours. In low water periods and low natural
inflow, it is possible to start pump stages with a power of approx. 23 MW [23].
The hydroelectric power plant in Ro˙ znów was built during World War II. Its
construction was completed in 1942. It is a classical storage-type power plant with
a reservoir creating the Ro˙ znowskie Lake. This reservoir fulfils energy, retention,
flood and recreational functions.
The power plant was located in the foothills gorge of the Dunajec River, near the
village of Ro˙ znów. Taking advantage of the favorable terrain, the Dunajec trough was
partitioned with a heavy dam of a concrete type, based on two nearby mountains,
between which the river flowed. Eventually, the dam with a length of 550 m and a
height of 32.5 m was built. The width of the dam in the upper side is 9 m and at the
base 40. The foundations of the dam are recessed into the ground to a depth of 17 m.
The maximum power of the power plant of 56 MW is obtained from four generating sets of 14 MW each, equipped with Kaplan turbines. The water head is 29 m
with an average flow of 61 m
3 /s, and the maximum flow is 240 m
3 /s. The annual
production of electricity is on average 125 GWh [24].
The Koronowo power plant was established in 1961 about 20 km north of
Bydgoszcz. The preliminary design, including a dam partitioning the Brda riverbed,
was developed already in the 1930s by prof. Karol Pomianowski and engineer Alfons
Hoffman. The project envisaged the use of several post-glacial lakes lying along the
former Brda bed, but about 20 m above its level. The embankment dam was built in
the village of Pieczyska above Koronowo, and the dammed water of the river was led
into the connecting lakes Lipkusz, Czarne and Białe delivering water to the area of
Samoci˛ a˙ zek village. The derivation channel created by the lakes allowed to increase
the water head from 20 m (on the dam in Pieczyska) to 26 m on the end of 1350 m
long channel, led out from the Białe Lake near of Samoci˛ a˙ zek. The water channel is
terminated with a water gate, from which two penstocks with a diameter of 5 m and
a length of 96 m are derived. The water flows down 26 m into two generating sets
with a total power of 27.5 MW driven by two Kaplan turbines. The maximum flow