338
K. Kubiak-Wójcicka and L. Szcz˛ ech
The power plant is equipped with six generator sets driven by vertical Kaplan
turbines. Each turbine is equipped with 4 adjustable blades, and the diameter of its
rotor is 9 m.
In order to protect the dam in Włocławek against the erosion of the river bed in
1997–2001 500 m below the dam, a stabilizing stone ramp with a height of 2 m was
built.
The ˙
Zydowo hydropower plant is the third of the classic pumped storage power
plants. It was built in 1971 in northern Poland near Koszalin. It uses the particularly favorable location of two natural lakes located less than two kilometers apart,
differing by an elevation of the water surface by about 83 m. The upper reservoir
of the power plant is used by Kamienne Lake, which does not have any significant
natural inflow. Water with a maximum flow exceeding 240 m
3 /s flows down with
three penstocks with a length of 461 m and a diameter of approx. 5 m to Lake
Kwiecko, on whose bank the power house was built. Over 3 million m
3 of water is
used to generate electricity. The ˙
Zydowo power plant uses three generating sets, two
of which can be operated in the pump mode, forcing water back into the Kamienne
Lake. All generator sets use Francis turbines. The two reversible units are equipped
with FR-25 turbines and the unit in the classical configuration is the FR-30 turbine.
The operation of the power plant causes fluctuations in the water level by almost
four meters in the upper reservoir and just over three meters in the lower one. The
original capacity of the power plant was 150 MW, but as a result of modernization
works completed in 2013, its output power increased to 167 MW.
The Niedzica mixed pumped storage power plant is the largest power plant of the
Niedzica Hydroelectric Power Plant Company. It is a power plant with its inflow,
using the water resources of the upper Dunajec. It was put into use in 1997. The
construction of a large hydroelectric power plant on the Dunajec River was planned
almost from the beginning of the twentieth century; however, due to the high risk for
landscape values and the resistance of the inhabitants of the surrounding areas who
had to be displaced, its construction was very long. Eventually, the decision to build
a dam in Niedzica was made in the 1950s, but construction work was not started until
1975. The construction lasted for over twenty years in the atmosphere of protests
of environmentalists. After completion of the construction, the reservoir was filled
in May 1997, and already in July, almost on the day of official commissioning, as a
result of the flood of the “century” it underwent a functional test.
The power plant’s power is almost 93 MW, obtained from two generating sets
using reversible Deriaz turbines. The maximum water flow through the turbines
was set at 250 m
3 /s. Because the average flow of the Dunajec at Niedzica is less
than 24 m
3 /s (10%), the remainder of the flow must come from pumping work. For
turbine operation, only approx. 20 m of damming is used, from maximum 60 to
approx. 40 m (132.8 mln m
3 of water) above the level of the lower reservoir used
by the hydroelectric power plant in Sromowce Wy˙ zne. The Niedzica Power Plant,
due to small differences in the price of energy between day and night, is currently
operating only in turbine mode [22].
The Dychów hydropower plant is the largest power plant of the Dychów Hydroelectric Power Plant Company comprising 17 hydropower plants located on the
K. Kubiak-Wójcicka and L. Szcz˛ ech
The power plant is equipped with six generator sets driven by vertical Kaplan
turbines. Each turbine is equipped with 4 adjustable blades, and the diameter of its
rotor is 9 m.
In order to protect the dam in Włocławek against the erosion of the river bed in
1997–2001 500 m below the dam, a stabilizing stone ramp with a height of 2 m was
built.
The ˙
Zydowo hydropower plant is the third of the classic pumped storage power
plants. It was built in 1971 in northern Poland near Koszalin. It uses the particularly favorable location of two natural lakes located less than two kilometers apart,
differing by an elevation of the water surface by about 83 m. The upper reservoir
of the power plant is used by Kamienne Lake, which does not have any significant
natural inflow. Water with a maximum flow exceeding 240 m
3 /s flows down with
three penstocks with a length of 461 m and a diameter of approx. 5 m to Lake
Kwiecko, on whose bank the power house was built. Over 3 million m
3 of water is
used to generate electricity. The ˙
Zydowo power plant uses three generating sets, two
of which can be operated in the pump mode, forcing water back into the Kamienne
Lake. All generator sets use Francis turbines. The two reversible units are equipped
with FR-25 turbines and the unit in the classical configuration is the FR-30 turbine.
The operation of the power plant causes fluctuations in the water level by almost
four meters in the upper reservoir and just over three meters in the lower one. The
original capacity of the power plant was 150 MW, but as a result of modernization
works completed in 2013, its output power increased to 167 MW.
The Niedzica mixed pumped storage power plant is the largest power plant of the
Niedzica Hydroelectric Power Plant Company. It is a power plant with its inflow,
using the water resources of the upper Dunajec. It was put into use in 1997. The
construction of a large hydroelectric power plant on the Dunajec River was planned
almost from the beginning of the twentieth century; however, due to the high risk for
landscape values and the resistance of the inhabitants of the surrounding areas who
had to be displaced, its construction was very long. Eventually, the decision to build
a dam in Niedzica was made in the 1950s, but construction work was not started until
1975. The construction lasted for over twenty years in the atmosphere of protests
of environmentalists. After completion of the construction, the reservoir was filled
in May 1997, and already in July, almost on the day of official commissioning, as a
result of the flood of the “century” it underwent a functional test.
The power plant’s power is almost 93 MW, obtained from two generating sets
using reversible Deriaz turbines. The maximum water flow through the turbines
was set at 250 m
3 /s. Because the average flow of the Dunajec at Niedzica is less
than 24 m
3 /s (10%), the remainder of the flow must come from pumping work. For
turbine operation, only approx. 20 m of damming is used, from maximum 60 to
approx. 40 m (132.8 mln m
3 of water) above the level of the lower reservoir used
by the hydroelectric power plant in Sromowce Wy˙ zne. The Niedzica Power Plant,
due to small differences in the price of energy between day and night, is currently
operating only in turbine mode [22].
The Dychów hydropower plant is the largest power plant of the Dychów Hydroelectric Power Plant Company comprising 17 hydropower plants located on the