Table 1
(continued)
Parent drug(s)
Metabolites
Plant material
Growing conditions
Extraction/cleanup/
enrichment
Analysis of
extracts
Ref.
Phase
I
Phase
II
CDP, CP, DP, FP,
NDP, OP, TA, TM
x
–
Radish, silverbeet
–
plant
Grown on soil (drug concentration 0.5 mg kg
À1
)
Ultrasonication extraction of
freeze-dried samples
SPE with Oasis HLB
LC-QqQMS
2
[59]
CIP
x
–
Chinese
flowering
cabbage
– plant
Hydroponic in nutrition solution (1 mg L
À1
CIP)
Ultrasonication extraction of
freeze-dried samples
SPE with Oasis HLB
UPLCQqQ-MS
2
[50]
CLA, SDZ
x
–
Lettuce
– plant
Hydroponic in nutrition solution and clean perlite for plant
fixation (drug concentrations
1 mg L
À1
)
Extraction using sonication
SPE with Oasis Prime HLB
UPLCQqQ-MS
2
UPLCQTOF-MS
2
[48]
CLI, ENR, OFL,
SDM, SDZ, SMT,
SMX, SMZ, STZ,
TMP
x
x
Lettuce, tomato, cauliflower, broad beans
–
plant
Farm plot irrigated with
reclaimed water
Ultrasonic extraction of
homogenized vegetable sample
SPE with Strata-X
LC-QqQMS
2
[39]
CLP, SER, TRZ
x
x
Cress
– plant
Hydroponic (drug concentrations 10 mg L
À1
)
Ultra-Turrax extraction
LC-QTOFMS
OrbitrapMS
[55]
DCF
x
x
Arabidopsis thaliana
–
cell suspension
Cells grown in medium (DCF
3.59 mg L
À1
)
Freeze-dried cell samples
extracted with sonication
SPE with Oasis HLB
UPLCQqQ-MS
2
LC-TOFMS
[60]
DCF
x
x
Barley
– plant, horse
radish
– hairy root
culture
Hydroponic in Murashige and
Skoog medium (10
μM DCF)
Liquid extraction of homogenized frozen samples
SPE with Strata-X
LC-IT-MS
2
[58]
506
F. Mlynek et al.