acetone (1:1, v/v),
MTBE-ACN (1:1,
v/v), EtAc-MeOH
(1:1, v/v), 0.5%
formic acid in
ACN-MeOH (1:1,
v/v)
washed), d-SPE
(PSA, MgSO
4 )
Lettuce, cabbage, and
tomato
– 28 organic
micropollutants
0.5 g dry
weight
3 mL H
2 O, 10 mL
ACN
4 g anhydrous
MgSO
4 , 1 g
NaCl
None
150 mg PSA,
900 mg MgSO
4 ,
0.2
μm syringe RC
filter
LC-MS/MS
[45]
Plant food supplements
–
26 pharmaceutical
compounds
0.5 g or
5 mL
10 or 5 mL H
2 O
(0.1% formic acid),
10 mL ACN
4 g anhydrous
MgSO
4 , 1 g
NaCl
None
0.22
μm PTFE
filter UHPLC-MS/
MS
[140]
Radish roots and leaves
–
chlortetracycline,
enrofloxacin,
sulphathiazole
10 g wet
weight
20 mL MeCN with
1% HAc
None
1 g SCTD,
500 mg SCDS,
100 mg EDTANa
2
d-SPE (30 mg PSA,
30 mg C18)
LC-MS/MS
[141]
Lettuce, grapes, milk,
chicken, pork, beef
–
17 pesticides, 16 alkaloids,
18 drugs
1 g wet
weight
1 mL H
2 O (only in
low water content
samples), 1 mL
ACN
400 mg MgSO
4 ,
100 mg NaCl
1 mL of
pH 10 glycine
buffer
d-SPE (75 mg,
MgSO
4 :PSA:C18:
GCB 3:1:1:1 (w/w/
w/w))
GC-MS,
LC-MS/MS
[151]
Lettuce shoots and roots
–
11 pharmaceutical
compounds
0.25 or
0.5 g dry
weight
2 mL H
2 O, 5 mL
ACN/MeOH
(65:35, v/v)
2 g Na
2 SO
4 ,
0.5 g NaCl
150 mg/L
Na
2 EDTA
12.5 mg C18,
12.5 mg PSA,
225 mg Na
2 SO
4
HPLC-MS/
MS
[32]
Radish and enzyme
extracts
–
15 pharmaceuticals
0.5 g dry
weight
2 mL H
2 O, 5 mL
ACN/MeOH
(65:35, v/v)
2 g Na
2 SO
4 , 1 g
NaCl
150 mg/L
Na
2 EDTA
250 mg Na
2 SO
4
d-SPE (25 mg C18,
25 mg PSA)
d-SPE (25 mg C18,
LC-MS/MS
[46]
(continued)
Development of Methods for the Determination of PhACs in Soil/Earthworm/Crop. . .
453
MTBE-ACN (1:1,
v/v), EtAc-MeOH
(1:1, v/v), 0.5%
formic acid in
ACN-MeOH (1:1,
v/v)
washed), d-SPE
(PSA, MgSO
4 )
Lettuce, cabbage, and
tomato
– 28 organic
micropollutants
0.5 g dry
weight
3 mL H
2 O, 10 mL
ACN
4 g anhydrous
MgSO
4 , 1 g
NaCl
None
150 mg PSA,
900 mg MgSO
4 ,
0.2
μm syringe RC
filter
LC-MS/MS
[45]
Plant food supplements
–
26 pharmaceutical
compounds
0.5 g or
5 mL
10 or 5 mL H
2 O
(0.1% formic acid),
10 mL ACN
4 g anhydrous
MgSO
4 , 1 g
NaCl
None
0.22
μm PTFE
filter UHPLC-MS/
MS
[140]
Radish roots and leaves
–
chlortetracycline,
enrofloxacin,
sulphathiazole
10 g wet
weight
20 mL MeCN with
1% HAc
None
1 g SCTD,
500 mg SCDS,
100 mg EDTANa
2
d-SPE (30 mg PSA,
30 mg C18)
LC-MS/MS
[141]
Lettuce, grapes, milk,
chicken, pork, beef
–
17 pesticides, 16 alkaloids,
18 drugs
1 g wet
weight
1 mL H
2 O (only in
low water content
samples), 1 mL
ACN
400 mg MgSO
4 ,
100 mg NaCl
1 mL of
pH 10 glycine
buffer
d-SPE (75 mg,
MgSO
4 :PSA:C18:
GCB 3:1:1:1 (w/w/
w/w))
GC-MS,
LC-MS/MS
[151]
Lettuce shoots and roots
–
11 pharmaceutical
compounds
0.25 or
0.5 g dry
weight
2 mL H
2 O, 5 mL
ACN/MeOH
(65:35, v/v)
2 g Na
2 SO
4 ,
0.5 g NaCl
150 mg/L
Na
2 EDTA
12.5 mg C18,
12.5 mg PSA,
225 mg Na
2 SO
4
HPLC-MS/
MS
[32]
Radish and enzyme
extracts
–
15 pharmaceuticals
0.5 g dry
weight
2 mL H
2 O, 5 mL
ACN/MeOH
(65:35, v/v)
2 g Na
2 SO
4 , 1 g
NaCl
150 mg/L
Na
2 EDTA
250 mg Na
2 SO
4
d-SPE (25 mg C18,
25 mg PSA)
d-SPE (25 mg C18,
LC-MS/MS
[46]
(continued)
Development of Methods for the Determination of PhACs in Soil/Earthworm/Crop. . .
453