isobutylparaben,
benzylparaben,
2-phenylphenol,
4-phenylphenol,
nonylphenol, 4-tertoctylphenol, bisphenol A,
and triclosan
Norfloxacin and
danofloxacin
1 g
Aqueous 20%
(w/v) Mg(NO3)
2.6 H2O and 2%
(v/v) NH3
solution
20 min
 1
8 0
C
No clean-up
70–130%
1–6%
Few nanograms per
gram
HPLC-FD
[93]
1H-Benzotriazole,
5-methyl-1H-benzotriazole,
benzothiazole,
2-hydroxybenzothiazole,
2-methylthiobenzothiazole,
benzenesulfonamide, and
toluenesulfonamide
3 g
Methanol
10 min
 1
(200 W)
120
C No clean-up
70–110%
< 11%
HPLC-UV
[94]
Abamectin, doramectin, and
ivermectin
1 g
ACN/water
(90/10)
15 min
 1
120
C SPE cartridge
UHPLCMS/MS
[95]
Sulfadiazine,
sulfamerazine,
sulfamethoxydiazine,
sulfamonomethoxine,
sulfadimethoxine, sulfamethoxazole, and
sulfaquinoxaline
2 g
Triton X-114
(5.0%, v/v)
No clean-up
81.2–
93.7%
4.6–
9.5%
3.2–
5.7 ng g
À1
HPLC-UV
[96]
Sulfadiazine, sulfameter,
sulfamonomethoxine, and
sulfaquinoxaline
2 g
ACN (320 W)
On line SPE
82.6–
93.7%
1.4–
4.8 ng g
À1
LC-MS/MS
[97]
Sulfadiazine and its two
major metabolites,
N-acetylsulfadiazine and
4-hydroxysulfadiazine
10 g
Acetonitrile/
water 1:4 (v/v)
15 min
 1
150
C
[ 98]
(continued)
Development of Methods for the Determination of PhACs in Soil/Earthworm/Crop. . .
439