Table 4
(continued)
Pharmaceuticals
MAE extraction conditions
Clean-up
Analysis
References
Soil
mass
(g)
Solvent (power
in watt)
Time
(min)
 number
of cycles
Temp
(
C)
Recovery
(%)
RSD
(%)
LOD
Instrument
Caffeine, 17-estradiol, ibuprofen, ketoprofen, musk
ketone, naproxen, triclosan,
and epicoprostanol
3 g
2:1 (v/v) methylene chloride/
methanol
15 min
 3
115
C Pasteur pipettes
were
filled with
pre-extracted silica gel
(1.11
Æ 0.01 g)
and further
packed with
anhydrous
sodium sulfate
($0.5 cm) and
activated (2 N
HCl) copper
granules
($0.5 cm) in
hexane to serve
as clean-up
columns
89.6%
2.89%
GC-MS
[90]
Sulfadiazine, sulfapyridine,
sulfamerazine, sulfameter,
sulfadimidine, sulfamethoxazole,
sulfamonomethoxine,
sulfaphenazole,
sulfaquinoxaline, and
sulfanitran
2 g
Triton X-114
(1.5%, v/v)
(800 W)
69.7–
102.7%
< 7%
0.42–0.68
ngg
À1
LC-UV
[91]
Methylparaben,
ethylparaben,
propylparaben,
butylparaben,
isopropylparaben,
0.5–
2 g
MeOH (350 W)
3 min
 1
PTFE column
92–102%
5.4–
6.9%
0.5–
4.5 ng kg
À1
GC-MS
[92]
438
R. Manasfi et al.