Table 3
(continued)
Pharmaceuticals
USE extraction conditions
Clean-up
Analysis
References
Soil mass (g)
Solvent
Time
(min)
 number
of cycles
Temp. (
C)
Recovery
(%)
RSD
(%)
LOD
Instrument
Acetylsalicylic acid, ibuprofen, paracetamol
(acetaminophen),
flurbiprofen, naproxen,
diflunisal, ketoprofen;
diclofenac sodium salt,
valproic acid; primidone,
nadolol, propranolol
(hydrochloride), diethylstilbestrol, estrone, 17β-estradiol, 17α-ethinylestradiol,
estriol, amitriptyline,
imipramine, and clomipramine in the form of
hydrochlorides
5 g
Ethyl acetate/formic
acid (50:1, v/v)
15 min
 3
Silica gel
columns
> 80%
1.1–
10.0%
0.3–
1.7 ng g
À1
GC-MS
[80]
4-tert-Octylphenol,
benzo[a]pyrene,
bisphenol A, carbamazepine, indole, p-cresol,
phenanthrene, triclosan
2 g
80:20 IPA:H2O
10 min
 2
Room
temperature
HLB cartridges and
Florisil
cartridges
46.1–
110%
4–
48%
7.6–
60.7
μg/g
GC-MS
[81]
Difloxacin, sarafloxacin,
enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, enoxacin,
norfloxacin, chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline,
doxycycline, tetracycline, sulfaquinoxaline,
sulfaclozine,
sulfamethoxydiazine,
5 g
ACN:Na2EDTAMcIlvaine buffer
(pH 4.0, 5:5, v/v)
and 0.2 M NaOH
10 min
 2
HLB cartridge
> 60%
<
20%
0.01–2
μg/
kg
LC-MS/
MS
[82]
434
R. Manasfi et al.