sulfamonomethoxine,
sulfadimidine, sulfamethoxazole, tylosin,
roxithromycin,
kitasamycin, erythromycin, tilmicosin,
clindamycin, valnemulin,
and tiamulin
Carbamazepine,
diclofenac, cis-diltiazem,
lamotrigine, methadone,
midazolam,
oxcarbazepine, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, valsartan, cocaine,
acridone, 40
-hydroxydiclofenac, and
valsartan acid
0.5 g
ACN:MeOH (1:1,
v/v) and 0.5% formic
acid in ACN:MeOH
(1:1, v/v)
20 min
 3
HLB cartridge 71–122%
<
10%
0.03–1
ngg
À1
LC-MS/
MS
[83]
Oxytetracycline,
sulfachloropyridazine,
and tylosin
4 g
MeOH:0.1 M
EDTA:McIlvaine
buffer, 50:25:25
10 min
 3
SAX-HLB
SPE cartridges
27–105%
18–40
μgkg
À1
HPLC-UV
[84]
Clofibric acid, ibuprofen,
salicylic acid, allopurinol, paracetamol, gemfibrozil, fenoprofen,
amitriptyline, metoprolol, naproxen, mefenamic
acid, ketoprofen, carbamazepine, diclofenac,
fenofibrate
5 g
ACN containing 2%
of NH4OH and ACN
containing 2% of
formic acid
15 min
 2
Room
temperature
No clean-up
80–115%
8–
12%
0.04–
0.24 ng g
À1
GC-MS
[85]
Doxycycline, erythromycin, progesterone, tylosin
tartrate, amoxicillin,
norfloxacin, sulfadiazine,
trimethoprim,
enrofloxacin,
flumequine, tilmicosin
1 g
MeOH:ACN:0.1 M
EDTA:McIlvaine
buffer (pH 4),
30:20:25:25
10 min
 3
HLB
cartridges
63–121%
20%
0.5–3
μg/kg LC-MS/
MS
[86]
(continued)
Development of Methods for the Determination of PhACs in Soil/Earthworm/Crop. . .
435
sulfadimidine, sulfamethoxazole, tylosin,
roxithromycin,
kitasamycin, erythromycin, tilmicosin,
clindamycin, valnemulin,
and tiamulin
Carbamazepine,
diclofenac, cis-diltiazem,
lamotrigine, methadone,
midazolam,
oxcarbazepine, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, valsartan, cocaine,
acridone, 40
-hydroxydiclofenac, and
valsartan acid
0.5 g
ACN:MeOH (1:1,
v/v) and 0.5% formic
acid in ACN:MeOH
(1:1, v/v)
20 min
 3
HLB cartridge 71–122%
<
10%
0.03–1
ngg
À1
LC-MS/
MS
[83]
Oxytetracycline,
sulfachloropyridazine,
and tylosin
4 g
MeOH:0.1 M
EDTA:McIlvaine
buffer, 50:25:25
10 min
 3
SAX-HLB
SPE cartridges
27–105%
18–40
μgkg
À1
HPLC-UV
[84]
Clofibric acid, ibuprofen,
salicylic acid, allopurinol, paracetamol, gemfibrozil, fenoprofen,
amitriptyline, metoprolol, naproxen, mefenamic
acid, ketoprofen, carbamazepine, diclofenac,
fenofibrate
5 g
ACN containing 2%
of NH4OH and ACN
containing 2% of
formic acid
15 min
 2
Room
temperature
No clean-up
80–115%
8–
12%
0.04–
0.24 ng g
À1
GC-MS
[85]
Doxycycline, erythromycin, progesterone, tylosin
tartrate, amoxicillin,
norfloxacin, sulfadiazine,
trimethoprim,
enrofloxacin,
flumequine, tilmicosin
1 g
MeOH:ACN:0.1 M
EDTA:McIlvaine
buffer (pH 4),
30:20:25:25
10 min
 3
HLB
cartridges
63–121%
20%
0.5–3
μg/kg LC-MS/
MS
[86]
(continued)
Development of Methods for the Determination of PhACs in Soil/Earthworm/Crop. . .
435